The subject-developing environment is a combination of objects of a material nature for the development of a child, subject and social means of providing various types of activities for pupils. It is necessary so that children can fully grow and get acquainted with the world around them, be able to interact with it and learn independence.
The concept of a developmental environment
It contributes to the development of independence, initiative and gives children the opportunity to realize the abilities that they have. The subject-developing environment improves the experience of the emotional and practical interaction of the child with surrounding people, and also helps to increase the cognitive activity of all children in the group.
It consists of:
- a large playground;
- gaming equipment;
- toys;
- different types of game paraphernalia;
- game materials.
These funds should be in a special room, hall or in the courtyard of the kindergarten.
How is a development environment created?
During this stage, one must remember that the subject-developing environment should give a place to the development of educational, educational, stimulating and communicative functions. The most important task is the desire to increase the independence and initiative of the child. Such an environment should be spacious and pleasant for children, satisfy their needs and interests. The design of the objects and their shape are also important: they must be safety-oriented and appropriate to the age of preschoolers.
The creation of a subject-developing environment includes an important aspect: the change of decor elements, as well as the allocation in each group of places for the experimental activities of children. The basis of the color palette should include warm pastel colors, so that the atmosphere is light and does not "press" on the pupils.
As for the subject-developing environment of the group, changes must take place in it depending on the age of the children, their characteristics, the period of study and, of course, the educational program.
The developing subject-spatial environment should be open, subject to adjustment and development, and not be a closed system. It is good if it is regularly updated and meets the current needs of the children. In any case, and under different circumstances, the space around the kids should be replenished and updated in accordance with the requirements for a certain age of the pupil.
Based on this, when creating this environment for any age groups in a preschool educational institution, it is necessary to take into account the psychological factors of the interaction of participants in the educational process and the general atmosphere, including the design of a preschool.
The principle of positions in the interaction
It is based on the organization of space for communication between parents and teachers with children. Well-known is the fact that confidential conversations and open communication between adults and children are carried out on the basis of the principle of spatial communication “eye to eye”. An appropriate subject-development environment will make it possible to get closer and equalize the positions of children and adults. It will be appropriate to use a variety of furniture, namely corners, podiums and slides.
Activity principle
It provides an opportunity for an adult and a child to jointly participate in matters of creating an environment that will easily transform and change. Group rooms can be equipped with workshops, sand and water centers using screens.
During the organization of general activity, it is necessary to select materials that have the ability to enhance cognitive activity. They can be technical devices, magnets, toys, magnifying glasses, springs, beakers, models, scales, and you can also provide various natural materials for experimentation and study.
The principle of stability-dynamism
This principle helps to create conditions that are allowed to change in accordance with the mood, preferences and capabilities of children. Game rooms are needed for different age groups, and for kids you need to create a stability zone.
The developing subject-spatial environment must be properly equipped. DOE must ensure that there are toys, furniture, storage tanks, podiums for recreation, as well as collapsible structures. This room should be filled with a variety of objects, and also have a lot of free space. You can create thematic zones, put upholstered furniture and make it part of the game.
The principle of flexible zoning and integration
It is necessary to build disjoint spheres of activity and give children the opportunity to do different things at the same time, while not interfering with each other. They can be easily distracted and do not always sufficiently focus on their activities.
Students of the faculties of preschool education do not always clearly understand what the subject-developing environment includes. The presentation, which is often held at the pre-school educational institution, is the best way to visually demonstrate to future teachers game centers and various zones (theater, speech and literacy, sports, experimentation and research, communication and building and construction games) that enable children to unite if they have there are common interests. Also, preschoolers need a place of rest and solitude.
Gender principle
The subject-developing environment in the DOE gives kids the opportunity to prove themselves taking into account their abilities. For this, it is appropriate to have materials that will take into account the interests of all children. They should be informative and entertaining for both boys and girls. It can be games, some tools for various creative works. Girls need objects that will develop their femininity, and boys need something that will cause them to "the spirit of men."
The principle of combining a variety of elements
In this case, the aesthetic organization of the environment is important. Everyone knows that basic information is perceived by a person through vision. Therefore, the subject-developmental environment in the preschool educational institution deserves a serious attitude, and it is necessary to pay enough attention to it.
Group Speech Development Environment
Classes of this nature should be held in a free place so that the child can change his position. Basically, this game room should have a soft cover on which to put upholstered furniture. You can arrange various games with your own plot, which you will need to play with the help of adults.
The group’s subject-development environment should be equipped for such games: they can be stored in special racks or drawers that will be available to children. When working with young and middle-aged children, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to manuals and materials that are related to the development of vocabulary.
Comprehensive measures
Since many changes are taking place in modern society, both economic and social, the development of a subject-developing environment should be based on education, and therefore the requirements for its quality should increase. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures. The developmental environment in a preschool educational institution consists of different elements, each of which fulfills its own functional role.
In order to achieve a result, in DOE it is necessary to create certain conditions and improve the system of the entire educational process. In particular, it is necessary to organize a good environment for the development of children's activities. The developing subject-spatial environment should differ in one of the main nuances - the pedagogical support of children's activities.
How to create a developmental environment at home?
Buildings should be based on the principles of distance, activity, stability, creativity, flexible zoning, individual comfort, independence, openness. So that the child can comprehensively develop at home, it is necessary to organize the creation of a subject-developing environment and provide appropriate places.
This will allow to develop speech and physical development, to teach mathematics. Attention should be paid to the location of objects in the room: children should be free to move around, relax, play and have contact with adults in comprehensive development classes.
How to organize a development environment in a preschool educational institution in connection with the introduction of GEF?
A new GEF has been introduced into the structure of the preschool education program. In this regard, questions about the organization of the subject environment, which gives development in the DOE, have become quite relevant.
The GEF subject-development environment includes work with preschool children. The development of their activities are games. This contributes to the fact that the interest of educators and practitioners in the constant change in the subject-developing environment of DOE is increasing.
GEF requirements for the subject-development environment
She is obliged to ensure the maximum implementation of educational development. The organization of the subject-development environment should include:
- accessibility for pupils of all rooms in which the educational process is carried out;
- the opportunity for each child to develop his own personality, taking into account his inclinations, interests and level of activity;
- unlimited access for children to games, books, toys, manuals and materials that support their activities;
- enrichment of the environment with elements that will help stimulate the emotional, cognitive and motor activity of children.
Requirements for the organization of the subject-development environment in the light of FGT
The subject-developing environment of the kindergarten should improve its physical functions in the kid, form sensory skills, help gain life experience, learn to compare and organize phenomena and objects, and gain knowledge on their own.
The child develops in the learning process, during which he is active and engages in some kind of activity. It is organized by the teacher in various forms of communication with others. For this, a special pedagogical environment should be created where the child will live and study independently.
The subject-developmental environment of the younger group should provide children with opportunities to identify different personality traits and development opportunities. Quite often it turns out quite the opposite, and the space provided for children can become an obstacle that prevents them from showing their unique abilities.
The basic educational program of these institutions is based on the principle of integration, which is carried out in accordance with the age and personality of the pupils. It is very important to timely and correctly implement all the basic rules - this will enable the child to develop.
At each age, the baby has its own characteristics and preferences, so their constant dissatisfaction can lead to disastrous consequences. If the interest and curiosity of children are not constantly satisfied, then this will end with passivity and apathy. The upbringing and development of the child is a laborious, painstaking and difficult process, therefore, neglect in this matter is unacceptable.