More than a dozen new users of operating systems, Windows, « » . : , , Windows. . , . , IT-, GRUB, , .
GNU GRUB. GRand Unified Bootloader " ". « GNU», IT- . GRUB :
GRUB Windows. , , , .
GRUB , . , GRUB Legacy, UNIX- . ( RedHat Novell) .
, GRUB 2. , GRUB 2 - GRUB Legacy, . , 9.10 Ubuntu, GRUB - Legacy.
, GRUB 2 - , , . , , , :
- (, , ).
- (GRUB 2 - ).
- . , .
- .
- Mac OS.
- , : FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, ext, XFS ISO
- GRUB2
- .
- GRUB Legacy, - .
, GRUB GRUB 2, .
LILO?
, GRUB' . LILO - Linux (LInux LOader), . GRUB , :
- LILO 16 , GRUB .
- GRUB , LILO.
- , LILO , GRUB.
. Linux. GRUB 2 . , LILO , .
GRUB:
, Ubuntu, (LiveCD). , Ctrl+Alt+F2, :
- sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cjwatson/grub,
- sudo add-get update && sudo add-get install grub2,
- sudo update-grub2.
Ubuntu, LiveCD, . , " Ubuntu" - - . GRUB .
grub-install -v, Ubuntu.
GRUB
GRUB Install MBR . MBR - , ( . Master Boot Record), :
- MBR, GRUB :
- MBR ( , ). , .
- , GRUB. , .
GRUB' , , .
GNU GRUB, . , «» , :
| | |
| ls | . . | ls /boot/grub |
| . , , UUID, . | ls (hd*,*) *,* - |
| cat | . | cat //_ |
| linux | kernel- GRUB - Legacy, Linux. | linux _ 1= 2 3 |
| chainloader | . , root (, ). | chainloader // _ |
| root | - root-, . | root |
| (- ) root . | root (hd*,*) *,* - |
| set | root- . | set root= (hd*,*) *,* - |
| search | UUID, . : - u ( --fs-uuid) - UUID;
- l ( --label) - ;
- f ( --file) - ;
- n ( --no-floppy) - -;
- s ( --set) - .
, "", - set root , . | search -u uuid__ search -l search -f // |
| lsfonts | . | lsfonts |
| help | . | help |
| , . | help s - , s. help set - set. |
| terminal_output.console | - . | terminal_output.console |
| background_image | . , . : - . | background_image //_ |
| boot | . | boot |
| reboot | . | reboot |
halt | . | halt |
GRUB:
GRUB2, Legacy, /boot/grub/menu.lst, /boot/grub/grub.cfg. - /etc/default/grub /etc/grub.d.
/etc/default/grub / :
- GRUB_DEFAULT, . - , ( /boot/grub/grub.cfg ). : 0, - 1, - 2 .
- GRUB_TIMEOUT, , . : "-1", , - .
/etc/grub.d , grub.cfg. : 10_linux 30_os-prober. 40_custom GRUB , ( , , ).
GRUB Ubuntu - Grub-Customizer. , , . (Ctrl+Alt+T), :
- sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer,
- sudo add-get update,
- sudo add-get install grub-customizer.
Grub-Customizer , :
- List configuration - . .
- - , , .
- - .
, GRUB, :
- Super Grub Disk - . GRUB LILO, Windows. CD, .
- GParted - , CD. , : , , , , .
- SystemRescueCD - Linux, .
- TestDisk - , , .
Windows?
, , GRUB Windows x86 (64- ), - . grub.cfg :
- title Windows,
- rootnoverify (hd*,*),
- makeactive,
- chainloader +1,
- boot.
. , . Windows :
- rootnoverify (hd*,*) - set root. GRUB , , ( , GRUB ). , (hd*,*)- , Windows.
- makeactive - .
chainloader +1, Windows.
, boot , .
, , Windows. / (hide/unhide) . , GRUB - , Windows . , .
, , - , . , Windows, , . menu.lst :
- title Windows,
- hide (hd0,0),
- unhide (hd0,1),
- rootnoverify (hd0,1),
- makeactive,
- chainloader +1,
- boot.
hide unhide, .
GRUB
GRUB . LiveCD, CTRL+ALT+T.
:
- sudo grub-install /dev/sda - GRUB MBR (sda - );
- sudo update-grub - ( , Windows).
.
GRUB , , /var/log, - . , . , , .
. - , - . , - . , /var/log, .
GRUB , "" GRUB, . recordfail, /boot/grub/grub.cfg. recordfail=1, recordfail=0. , GRUB.
/etc/defaul/grub GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT , GRUB recordfail 1 0. sudo update-grub, .
? , - . , , . - , - .
GRUB Windows: ,
" GRUB ?", /. : Linux, Windows, Grub error. Windows x86/64 bit:
- , BIOS
- , .
- , :
- BOOTREC.EXE /FixBoot.
- BOOTREC.EXE /FixMbr.
GRUB , - Windows-.