Cattle often suffer from tympanic scar. Most often, the disease is provoked as a result of violation by the shepherds of the regime and certain rules of grazing cows. This article will discuss in detail what constitutes an ailment, how it manifests itself and how to treat cicatricial tympanum. The etiology of the disease will also pay attention.
It's important to know
During the disease, a huge amount of gas is formed, which accumulate in the front of the stomach. It may seem that this is a completely non-dangerous disease, but if help is not provided in a timely manner, tympanic scar of cattle will go into the acute stage, and the animal will die.
Therefore, every person who decides to start raising cows should know absolutely everything about the symptoms and methods of treating this pathology.
What is rumen tympanum in animals and how does the disease progress
Tympanum - bloating in the stomach, which leads to excessive gas formation caused by the use of fast-fermenting feed. The animal can completely stop belching gases or do it much less often, which leads to the rapid development of tympanic scar.
It is worth remembering that tympanum leads not only to swelling of the scar, but also to its extension. Blood sugar levels can seriously decrease, disrupting the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Due to the increased size of the scar, the internal organs located in the abdominal cavity are compressed, and the flow of blood into the chest is significantly reduced. This can lead to a decrease in lung volume and systolic volume of the heart, as well as to a deterioration of gas exchange, oxygen starvation.
What triggers the appearance of the disease
Most often, cows are predisposed to such a disease, in the diet of which it is present in large quantities:
- alfalfa;
- wiki
- beet;
- cabbage;
- prilaya or damp grass.
The emergence of pathology can contribute to the use of rotten or damaged feed.
Pathology development
As a rule, feed fermentation in the stomach is a natural physiological process. Part of the gases formed is discharged to the outside, another part moves into the intestine. But in case of imbalance of the liquid, which becomes too much, fermentation becomes more intense, which ends with the foaming of the digestible feed mass. Because of this, the animal is deprived of the opportunity to burp out excess gas, and the scar turns into a closed container.
Causes of the disease
Tympany can have the following stages and forms:
- subacute;
- spicy;
- chronic
- primary and secondary forms.
The acute stage of the primary form can be caused by eating large quantities of potatoes and alfalfa, beets and ripened clover, moist greens, rotten apples, legumes, and corn cobs. Cow tympania develops incredibly quickly if the animal is taken to a watering place immediately after the intake of the above-mentioned food. In this case, it is urgent to seek help from specialists, as the animal may stop producing milk.
The secondary form of the disease appears after eating poisonous plants, such as:
- aconite;
- cycling;
- milestone poisonous;
- colchicum.
The chronic form requires long-term treatment, and it appears in those cows that have traumatic radiculitis or chronic gastritis.
Symptoms
The appeared tympanum of the scar can be easily detected at the initial stage, it is enough just to observe the behavior of the burenka. The animal refuses food and becomes restless, which is associated with discomfort in the chest area, as well as pain in the front of the abdomen. At the same time, the cow constantly lays down and gets up, examines the stomach, hits with her hooves, hunches his back, waves his tail and moos. In a sick animal, physiological processes also change:
- an increase in veins located on the head;
- rapid breathing, heavy, accompanied by wheezing and coughing;
- cyanotic mucous membranes;
- saliva becomes foamy;
- the process of rumination stops;
- vomiting
- complete cessation of scar movement;
- a hungry fossa is leveled, which leads to an increase in the volume of the abdomen.
Having noticed such signs, it is necessary to provide first aid to the cow, without which it will simply die in 2-3 hours. With acute tympanic scar, the restless behavior of cattle is more pronounced than with foamy.
If the animal has a chronic form of the disease, then the symptoms are less pronounced, it manifests itself only after eating. A sick cow will gradually lose weight, and a lack of proper care and treatment will result in death. It is not recommended to procrastinate with the provision of first aid, since the cows with such a diagnosis live for no more than two months.
Cow rumen tympania: treatment
Before starting to treat the animal, it is necessary to establish the cause of the onset and development of the disease. First of all, you need to examine the pharynx and palpate the esophagus. It is best to use a probe, with its help it is possible to provoke the separation of gases from the pancreas.
If during the inspection you were able to detect a foreign body or object, then you must do the following:
- pour vegetable oil into the animal’s throat;
- remove the foreign body with your hands or probe;
- when a blockage is detected, it must be broken using boiled potatoes, which are pressed through the walls of the esophagus;
- call a veterinarian.
If the cow is in serious condition or a blockage was formed as a result of the appearance of a tumor, the doctor may decide to undergo surgery. In this case, the veterinarian will give you a medical history. Tympany of the scar needs immediate treatment. The cows are laid in such a way that the front of the torso is higher than the back, thereby facilitating burping. You also need to pour cold water on the left side, and then massage it with straw. To prevent the cow from closing its mouth, put on its mouth.
You can cause burping with a rope, with the help of which they irritate the palate. And also rhythmically stick out the tongue of the burenka - this will help get rid of excess gas.
Sounding
If the above methods have not yielded results, you will have to insert a metal probe into the animal’s oral cavity. Before starting the procedure, it is necessary to fix a special plug in the mouth with a through hole through which the oiled probe will pass. If an obstacle arises during sounding, extend the tube and try reinserting it into the throat.
If the sounding was successful, the gases should easily come out of the scar. Periodically, you need to clean the probe cover, as it may become clogged with small pieces of food. When most of the gases are removed, a solution of vinegar (1 tbsp.) And water (1 l) is poured into the tube. One of the following drugs is also administered:
- "Formalin" (10-15 ml).
- "Lysol" (5-10 ml per 1-2 liters of water).
- Ichthyolum (10-20 g).
Surgical intervention
If the sounding did not bring the desired result, the veterinarian makes a scar puncture. To do this, cut the wool on the left side, and disinfect the puncture site well. Having pierced a side and having inserted a tube, release of gases begins. After their complete removal, the tube remains in the stomach for several hours, and then is removed. The wound should be thoroughly washed with boiled water and disinfected with alcohol or vodka. Damage must be treated until complete healing.
During cattle quarantine, a special diet is prescribed. It is recommended to use ruminating agents that help restore motor function. During the healing of the damaged area, the animal that has had the tympanum of the scar is separated from the herd, observing its condition and behavior.
Calves
Pathologies caused by disruption of the gastric tract in calves often lead to bloating. Typically, such problems arise if you do not adhere to the simple conditions of keeping young animals. Most often, individuals who are breast-fed are at risk.
Newborn calves kept in unsanitary conditions often suffer from colibacillosis and white diarrhea. In order to avoid such problems, it is necessary to introduce an anti-colibacillary serum to a calf that is 2-3 hours old. This will help develop passive immunity.
Most often, calves are affected in the first week of their life. Infection can occur while feeding from an untreated udder or drinking water from a dirty container. The disease can be identified by the following signs:
- liquid feces having a grayish-white tint;
- fever;
- swollen belly;
- weakness;
- muddy look.
If time does not do treatment, the animal is doomed to death.
Having discovered the tympanum of the scar in the calf, it is necessary to carefully diagnose the animal. In order to avoid death, cattle should take preventive measures until calving. First of all, you need to create good conditions for feeding and keeping pregnant cows. When white diarrhea appears, sick animals are isolated and the machine is disinfected with a special solution. It is worth remembering that during the case of cattle a forensic veterinary autopsy is performed. If the veterinarian specifies in the protocol “Tympania of the scar”, and also establishes the fact that you have not created the proper conditions for keeping and raising livestock, an administrative or criminal case may be brought against you.
After birth, carry out a thorough inspection. Experts strongly recommend vaccinating with immune serum even sick animals. Dosage depends on the condition of the calf.
Other diseases, such as paratyphoid, dysentery, can lead to tympany. In such cases, the treatment is no different from that prescribed by the animal, defecating with white diarrhea.
Cow Prevention
Prevention of this disease consists in strict adherence to the rules and regimen of feeding cows. Before transferring the cows to grazing, provide instruction for cattle, shepherds or shepherds, telling them about the rules of grazing.
Cows should gradually become accustomed to grazing. Reduce daily servings of concentrated feed, silage and hay, and gradually increase the time allotted for grazing.
Cattle grazing on pastures rich in grass from young grass is only necessary after preliminary feeding with concentrates or hay. As a rule, previously not grazing cows are taken to sites with a less rich grass stand, and after a few hours they are transferred to a more abundant pasture. It is contraindicated to graze cows on alfalfa, clover, young grass, as well as after rain or during dew.
In order to prevent tympanum, it is necessary to feed beer grains, distilleries, as well as light-fermenting succulent feed immediately after harvesting, while excluding them in the rain or in heaps. Juicy foods include:
- early winter crops;
- young grass;
- alfalfa;
- corn greens;
- clover;
- cabbage leaf, etc.
Cattle need regular watering (3-4 times a day). It is not recommended to give water after feeding them a large amount of green and succulent feeds or immediately before grazing on succulent pastures. In the stall period, such a disease occurs much less often if, along with other activities, constant walking of cows or long walks (from 3 hours a day) are organized.