Spiritual and moral education is the process of studying and mastering the basic national values, public domain systems, as well as the cultural, moral, spiritual traditions of peoples and nations living in Russia, established in pedagogy. The development of the concept of moral education of society is very important for the country and the people as a whole.
Detailed definition of the concept
Spiritual and moral education takes place during the socialization of a person, the consistent expansion of his horizons and the strengthening of value-semantic perception. At the same time, a person develops and begins to independently evaluate and on a conscious level build the main moral and ethical standards, determine the ideals of behavior in relation to the people around him, the country and the world.
In any society, the concept of spiritual and moral education of a citizen's personality becomes a determining factor. At all times, education played an important role and was a kind of foundation, with the help of it a new generation was introduced into an established society, became a part of it, followed a traditional way of life. New generations continued to maintain the standards of life and traditions of their ancestors.
At present, when rearing a person, they rely mainly on the development of the following qualities: citizenship, patriotism, morality, spirituality, a tendency to follow democratic views. Only when the described values are taken into account during upbringing, people can not only exist in a civilized manner in a civil society, but also independently strengthen and move it forward.
Morality and Spirituality in Education
The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of elementary school students is an indispensable element of educational activity. For each child, an educational institution becomes an environment for adaptation, the formation of morality and guidelines.
It is at a young age that a child socializes, develops spiritually and mentally, expands the circle of communication, displays personality traits, determines his inner world. Younger age is usually called the time when personal and spiritual qualities are formed.
The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of a citizen is multi-stage and complex. It includes the value-normative interaction of the school with other subjects of the child's socialization - with the family, additional developmental institutions, religious organizations, cultural circles and sports sections. Such interaction is aimed at developing a child’s spiritual and moral qualities and educating a real citizen.
On the basis of the federal state educational standard of primary general education, a unified program of primary education has been created. It directly affects the compilation and installation of the primary school learning process and is aimed at contributing to the general culture, the formation of social, intellectual and moral perceptions, the development of creative manifestations of schoolchildren, self-improvement, maintaining good health and ensuring safety.
In the concept of spiritual and moral education of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary Education, much attention is paid to the education of the child and his formation as an individual, not only in the process of educational activity, but also in the rest of the time.
Parenting goals and classification
The national values of the people, which for many years have been handed down from generation to generation through cultural, family, social, and historical traditions, will determine the training program. The main goal of upbringing is the moral and spiritual development of a person in the conditions of constant updating and improvement of the educational program, which poses the following tasks:
- To help the child in self-development, understanding of himself, getting on his feet. This contributes to the development of the personality of each student, the implementation of their type of thinking and general outlook.
- To provide all the conditions for the formation in children of the right attitude to the spiritual values and traditions of the Russian people.
- Promoting the appearance of a child’s creative inclinations, artistic thinking, the ability to independently determine what is bad and what is good, set goals and go towards them, paint their actions, and determine basic needs and desires.
The concept of spiritual and moral education determines the totality of processes that are implemented:
- during training directly at the educational institution;
- after school hours;
- when out of school.
Over the years, teachers faced more and more new tasks and requirements. When raising a child, it is important to rely on the good, valuable, eternal. The teacher must combine moral qualities, knowledge, wisdom - all that he can convey to the student. All that can help bring up a real citizen. The teacher also helps to reveal the spiritual qualities of the child, to instill in him feelings of morality, the need to resist evil, and learn to make the right and informed choice. All these abilities are central when working with a child.
Development methods and main sources
The concept of spiritual and moral education in Russia presents the main national values. When compiling them, they relied mainly on morality and those areas of the public that play the largest role in education. The traditional sources of morality include:
- Patriotism. It includes love and respect for the motherland, service to the Fatherland (spiritual, labor and military).
- Tolerant attitude towards others and other nations: national and personal freedom, equality, trust in others. This also includes the following personal qualities: goodwill, sincerity, dignity, mercy, justice, a sense of duty.
- Citizenship - a person as a member of civil society, a sense of duty to the motherland, respect for elders, for his family, law and order, freedom of religion.
- Family. Attachment, love, health, cash security, respect for the elder, care for the sick and children, reproduction of new family members.
- Creativity and work. A sense of beauty, creativity, perseverance in endeavors, hard work, setting a goal and achieving it.
- Science - teaching new things, discoveries, research, gaining knowledge, ecological understanding of the world, drawing up a scientific picture of the world.
- Religious and spiritual manifestations: an idea of faith, religion, the spiritual state of society, drawing up a religious picture of the world.
- Literature and art: a sense of beauty, a combination of beauty and harmony, the spiritual world of a person, morality, morality, the meaning of life, aesthetic feelings.
- Nature and all that surrounds a person: life, homeland, planet as a whole, wildlife.
- Humanity: the struggle for world peace, a combination of a large number of peoples and traditions, respect for the opinions of others and opinions, the development of relations with other countries.
The basic values that are described in the concept of spiritual and moral development and personal education are exemplary. When drawing up its program for the upbringing and development of schoolchildren, the school can add additional values that will not violate the ideals established in the concept and which will not interfere with the educational process. An educational institution, when developing a training program, can focus on certain groups of national values, based on the age and characteristics of students, their needs, parents' requirements, region of residence, and other factors.
In this case, it is important that the student receives a full-fledged understanding of national values, can perceive and accept the moral and spiritual culture of the Russian people in full diversity. National value systems help recreate the semantic space for personal development. In such a space, barriers between certain subjects go away: between the school and the family, the school and the public sphere. The creation of a single educational space for students in elementary grades occurs through a series of targeted programs and subprograms.
Stages of curriculum development
When creating the curriculum, experts recommend using the concepts of spiritual and moral education of a citizen of Russia. The entire document was drafted in agreement with the Constitution of the country and the law "On Education". Most of all in the concept the following questions are considered:
- learner model;
- main goals of training, conditions and achieved educational results;
- structural additions and the main content of the child rearing program;
- description of the main values of society, as well as the disclosure of their meaning.
There are separate questions about which the concept is written in more detail. These include:
- a detailed description of all the main tasks of training and education;
- direction of educational activities;
- training organization;
- ways to instill in a child spirituality and morality.
Experts note that it is important to carry out educational activities through a set of procedures. They should occur both during class activities, and during extracurricular time. The school should not exert such influence only by its own efforts; teachers should closely communicate with the child's family and with teachers of public institutions in which he is additionally involved.
Spiritual and moral education during the lesson
It is traditionally laid down that during the lesson the teacher is obliged to carry out not only educational and training activities, but also have an educational effect. The same rule is established in the concept. Education will include solving the problems of education during the teaching of subjects of both the main and additional levels.
Best for the development of spiritual and moral qualities are suitable disciplines that are related to the humanitarian and aesthetic sphere. But educational activities can extend to other subjects. During the lesson, you can use the following techniques:
- give children examples of great artwork and art;
- describe the heroic events of the history of the state and other countries;
- include interesting passages from documentaries and feature films for children, educational fragments of cartoons;
- allowed to come up with special role-playing games;
- conduct communication through discussions and discussion of different points of view;
- create difficult situations from which the child must independently find a way out;
- solve specially selected tasks in practice.
For each school subject, one or another form of educational activity can be applied. All of them help the teacher instill morality in the child and develop spiritual qualities.
Separate School Activities
The plan to instill in a child the main cultural values and morality will include extracurricular educational activities. This may include:
- Holidays at school or in the family;
- general creative activities;
- correctly composed interactive quests;
- educational television programs;
- interesting contests;
- formal disputes.
Extracurricular activities also include the use of various continuing education organizations. These include:
- Circles
- educational clubs for children;
- sport sections.
The main active element in extracurricular activities is cultural practice. It includes the idea of a cultural event with the active participation of a child in it. Such an event helps expand the horizons of the baby, give him life experience and the ability to creatively interact with culture.
Social practice
Spiritual and moral education of the child within the framework of the GEF program contains social practice. It is important to conduct such events so that children can participate in solving important social and social problems. This will help the student develop an active social position, competence. The child will gain experience, which is important for every citizen.
When raising a child during extracurricular time, it is important to carry out the following activities:
- environmental and labor procedures;
- excursions and trips;
- charity and social events;
- military events.
Parenting
The basis for developing a student’s spiritual and moral qualities is the family, the school only helps to significantly strengthen this process. It is very important, using the principle of cooperation and interaction, to establish close contact between the family of the student and the educational institution. To do this, it is best to spend holidays with the whole family, perform creative homework, during which the student will receive help from parents, include the child's parents in activities outside school hours.
It is also important to carefully consider the quality of raising a child by the family, and help spiritually and morally raise the parents themselves. To do this, it is best to conduct special lectures, discussions and seminars for the parents of the child.
Cultural Foundations of Religion
This area of the concept of spiritual and moral education of the personality of a citizen of Russia is important for introducing the child to the historical and cultural orders of the country's religion. It is important for students to know about historical and cultural traditions, the values of not only their people, but also other world religions. It is important to lay in the child a tolerant attitude towards other nations and beliefs. Such procedures may be carried out by:
- humanitarian studies;
- adding individual electives or courses with religious foundations to the educational program;
- Creation of religious studies circles and sections.
It is also best for teachers to interact with religious organizations that will constitute the work of Sunday schools and conduct educational classes.
The importance of the concept of spiritual and moral education of an individual cannot be underestimated. If the school does not conduct all important events, the student may be negatively affected by the family, informal youth groups or an open Internet space. It is very important to correctly promote the formation of a citizen and patriot, as this will affect the future of society and the whole country.