There are many different types of skin. Natural is suitable for the manufacture of various items of clothing, shoes, women's and men's accessories. The quality of the skin is influenced by many factors, among which it is worth noting the type and age of the animal, the method of dressing and processing.
Chrome leather is obtained by tanning and is widely used by craftsmen for the manufacture of various products.
Types and classification of skin
The skin can be classified in several ways: by type and method of manufacture.
The following methods of dressing:
- Golie, or raw skin that has gone through the process of stenosis and golding. Initially, it is soft, plastic. However, immediately after drying, it becomes solid. This type of genuine leather is used to shape. It is covered with tambourines and other objects. In ancient times, it was used to make weapons and mounts.
- Rawhide, or rawhide. The range of application of this type of skin is very small. It is used in saddlery, orthopedics. In the old days, the scope of raw materials was much wider: shoe items and accessories were made from it.
- Tanned leather. To date, this method of dressing is considered the most popular and in demand. There are two main types of tanning - fat and vegetable, the chemical analogues of which are chrome, formaldehyde, zirconium and tannin tanning.
Also, genuine leather can be classified by type, each of which has its own distinctive characteristics and unique properties:
- shabrack, whose main properties are thickness, high density and wear resistance;
- yuft;
- split leather is the skin resulting from lamination;
- nappa;
- a goatskin chevron, the main properties of this species are softness, elasticity and high strength;
- Chevret resembles the previous type of skin, however, it is made from sheep's skins and has less elasticity;
- shagreen leather, soft genuine leather obtained from soft rough sheepskin or goat;
- like from the skins of lambs, kids;
- suede, which is obtained as a result of fat tanning, on the front surface of which there is a pile;
- velor - a type of leather obtained by chrome tanning from all types of skins, a distinctive feature of which is the abrasive method of grinding the front surface;
- napplak, the main characteristic of which is the varnish coating of the front surface;
- Shora - a type of genuine leather obtained from cattle skins produced by fat tanning;
- parchment obtained from the skins of calves and widely used for the manufacture of bindings.
Each of the above types of skin has its own unique set of characteristics and features. Some species require special care, others, on the contrary, are unpretentious and require a minimum of effort and cost to maintain pristine.
Chrome skin - what is it?
Chrome skin is obtained by chrome tanning. This type of natural material is made from the skins of sheep, calves, cattle. For the manufacture of the upper part of the shoe, chrome leather is used, obtained as a result of dressing from pork skins.
Soft leathers are called chrome skins, the basic chrome salts are used to blow them out.
Scope of chrome skin
Chrome leather is used for the manufacture of various items of clothing: coats, jackets, skirts, hats. This type of material is also used in the manufacture of footwear and haberdashery. Only the upper part of the boots is made of chrome leather. It is worth noting that products made of such a material have a lot of advantages and a rather high cost. Therefore, products from natural chrome leather can not afford everyone.
Varieties
There are several varieties of chrome leather. This material is classified according to several criteria:
- by type of raw material used to produce the material;
- finishing method;
- skin thickness;
The following types of chrome leather are distinguished depending on the type of raw material:
- chutes;
- outgrowth chrome;
- half cutter;
- rump;
- the goby is chrome;
- pigskin chrome;
- Chevro
- goat
- Chevret obtained from sheep and lamb skins;
- foal;
- marking;
- camel
- horse front;
- dog skin.
According to the method of decoration, they distinguish:
- chrome leather with a natural or artificial face;
- nubuck;
- velor having a polished front surface;
- hot stamped velor;
- chrome leather with a patent front surface.
By thickness, chrome tanned leather is divided into thin, medium, thick, and especially thick.
Chrome bearings are made from calf skins and are intended for the manufacture of the upper part of shoes. All types of shoe products are made from it, with the exception of heavy products. It is important to note that in order to obtain this type of skin, skins of sucker calves that have not switched to food of plant origin are used. Distinctive features are softness, elasticity, incredible strength and density of the material.
The chrome sprout is also used for making shoes. The material is obtained from the skins of calves who have mastered food of plant origin. The main difference from the chrome plating is a larger pattern of the front surface and its more rigid structure.
A half-skinner is produced from skins of cowhide and gobies, whose age is 1-1.5 years. It is used for the manufacture of the upper part of shoe products.
Cowberry chrome is made from the skins of heifers and cows, whose age exceeds one and a half years.
Pig chrome skin is obtained from pork skins. It is used more often than other types, due to the fact that natural materials of various colors can be obtained from pork skins. The refinement of pig chrome leather has made it one of the most popular materials for the manufacture of shoe products, including elegant women's, men's, and children's shoes.
Chevro and the goat are obtained from goat skins. This is the softest chrome skin, the distinguishing features of which are its beautiful appearance, small thickness and softness of the material.
Chevret get from the skins of sheep and rams. Sheep leather of chrome tanning is significantly inferior in quality to other types of upper leathers.
Velor - chrome tanned leather, a distinctive feature of which is suede trim with bakhtarma. This variety of chrome leather is widely used for making shoes, including elegant ones.
Features
It is worth noting that each type of chrome skin has a number of features and distinctive characteristics. But there are signs that unite all types. These include the high strength of the material obtained as a result of chrome tanning, high wear resistance, lightness and elasticity.
Chrome skin is resistant to high temperatures, has high thermal conductivity and wetness.
Chrome tanning
The tanning process is carried out for 8-12 hours in special drums that constantly rotate. Tanning can be carried out in two ways:
- Single tanning. It is carried out with an aqueous solution of chromium sulfate salts.
- Bifurcated tanning, in which chrome alum with an aqueous solution of chrompeak is first used. And then they are quenched with sulfuric acid, resulting in the formation of salts that have a tanning effect on raw materials.
The largest enterprise for the production of chrome tanning leathers is the Bogorodsky factory of chrome leathers, located in the Nizhny Novgorod region and the Volga Federal District. The history of the enterprise dates back to 1976. In modern production, the factory produces chorus leather for the manufacture of various types of shoe products, including children's goods, haberdashery, accessories.
Chrome shoes
Chrome leather is widely used for the manufacture of shoe products. For different types of shoes, different chrome tanned leathers are used. So, chrome rings is used for the manufacture of all types of shoe products, with the exception of heavy ones. The sprout is used to make the upper part of shoes. Velor is used to make elegant shoes. For sewing the upper part of the hussar shoes, a chevret is used.
It is worth noting that tanning is a very expensive finishing method. That is why for the manufacture of safety shoes this material is rarely used.
Benefits of Wearing Leather Shoes
The method of finishing chrome tanned leather provides the foot skin with proper sweating and the most optimal temperature regime, so that there are no problems with an unpleasant odor. Features of shoes made of chrome leather are increased thickness, elasticity, high wear resistance.
Reviews
Chrome tanned leather is widely used for the manufacture of various types of shoe products and clothing. Chevro is one of the best representatives of chrome leather for the production of outerwear: coats, jackets, sheepskin coats.
Most of the reviews of people who prefer clothing and shoes made from this material are positive. Although most people note that the cost of natural products is very high. However, due to wear resistance and resistance to temperature fluctuations, the cost of products pays off.
Conclusion
Genuine leather of chrome tanning is used for the manufacture of various items of clothing and shoes. Products made of this material not only look rich and elegant, but also characterize their owner as a person with an unrivaled sense of style. Clothing and accessories made of genuine chrome leather will perfectly complement both the male and female image, making it unique and stylish.