The bee community is susceptible to diseases that, if untreated, can lead not only to the death of individual individuals, but to the entire swarm. In order to avoid disastrous consequences, it is necessary to take measures in time. Most often, diseases are fought with drugs. From a huge variety of drugs, you need to choose the right drugs for treating bees.
The most common diseases of the bee community
There are many diseases from which representatives of the bee family suffer. However, the most common diseases can be distinguished.
- Acarapidosis . The causative agent of the disease are acarapis woody ticks. Most often, the disease spreads in the cold season, when representatives of the bee community come together. At this time, ticks move from one bee to another. The danger is that an infected family can endure up to 5 winters, passing the infection in the summer to other bee communities. Thus, acarapidosis leads to the death of a large number of bee families.
- Ascospherosis . The causative agent is mold. In time untreated disease leads to the fact that infected families become dysfunctional for a long period. The presence of this disease is indicated by the presence of mummified larvae in the bee's nest.
- Aspergillosis This is an infectious disease caused by a fungus. The causative agent of the disease can harm not only all individuals of the bee community, but also pets and humans.
- Varroatosis . One of the most common diseases. The causative agent is the tick of varroa. The main problem is that in the initial stages, varroatosis is almost asymptomatic.
- Rotten disease. The name of the disease is due to the fact that the bees infected with this disease die and turn into a putrefactive mass. At the initial stages, the disease may not be noticeable even to an experienced beekeeper, since at first an insignificant part of the larvae perishes and infection of adults is already occurring.
- Nosematosis . In the summer, the disease is asymptomatic. The consequences of the disease become noticeable only during the onset of cold weather, in autumn and winter, when infected individuals weaken and die.
Bee Acarapidosis Treatment
The most effective drugs for the treatment of acarapidosis in bees are Folbeks and Polisan. Both drugs are available in the form of strips that the beekeeper needs to place inside the bee’s nest. Before placing the strips directly inside the nest, they must be set on fire. Tedio in tablet form is also effective. Before burning strips, it is necessary to reduce the nest, close all available slots and the top of the bee nest with oilcloth. After placing the medicine inside, all openings must be closed. Repeated processing is necessary from 6 to 10 times with a regularity of 2-3 days. It is important to remember that the drug placed inside the bee’s nest should not burn, but smolder. It is necessary to carry out the treatment procedure in the evening, after the summer of bees.
The following drugs are also used to treat bees from acarapidosis: Fourier fluid, Tedion, Folbeks, Bipin. In order to get rid of the disease, you can use oxalic acid, nitrobenzene, monochlorobenzene.
Preparations for the treatment of ascospherosis
Treatment of ascospherosis can be carried out using folk remedies and specialized drugs. The most effective drug for bees in the fight against ascospherosis is Unisan. The drug is consumed quite economically: 1 ml must be diluted in half a liter of warm water. The resulting solution is sufficient to process all cells. It is necessary to spray the nests with the bees inside. To process one frame, no more than 12 milliliters of liquid is needed. Repeat the spraying procedure every three days until the complete disappearance of all signs of the disease.
Aspergillosis Treatment
If the diagnosis is confirmed by veterinarians, it is necessary to establish a quarantine regime throughout the apiary. After this, it is necessary to obtain detailed instructions for the treatment of bees in the event that the disease is not started and medical procedures are advisable.
For the treatment of aspergillosis, preparations for bees approved by the veterinary department, namely Askosan, Unisan, Ascomizole, are suitable. It is worth considering that the treatment is advisable only if the number of affected bees is small. If many bee animals are infected, the only way out for the beekeeper will be to destroy brood and adult individuals using sulfur dioxide. Honeycombs need to be burned without fail, and in bee houses to conduct a thorough disinfection.
In case there are few affected individuals, it is necessary to carry out a disinfection procedure. But before the start of the treatment course, it is necessary to strengthen weak bee colonies, and replace the queens affected by aspergillosis with healthy ones. After this, it is imperative to transfer the bees to clean hives and provide the bee families with a sufficient amount of feed.
Means for the treatment of varroatosis
There are several ways to combat varroatosis, among which are the complex use of physical and chemical methods, treatment with medications, the use of acids and essential oils, and biochemical methods.
It is worth noting that treatment based on a combination of several means of control will be most effective.
The most effective drugs for the treatment of bees from varroatosis are Phenothiazine, Oxalic Acid, Apigard, Apistan. It is very important to carefully study the instructions before using the medication, since improper use of the drug can be addictive in the pathogen, tick, and the treatment will be ineffective.
The use of Akarasan is effective and safe. This is a drug for treating bees affected by the disease. The procedure must be carried out once a week. If layering without brood, then bees should be treated every other day.
Preparations for bees "Amitriz" and "Fluvalinat" are also effective in combating the disease of the bee family. These drugs are used for bees in the spring. The use of Bipin-T is effective. However, its use can cause aggressive behavior of bees in relation to the uterus. This is due to the presence in the composition of the drug component with a specific aroma.
Use the drug only for the treatment of not too weak bee families. For weak communities, the use of the drug is contraindicated. Primary processing is carried out immediately after honey collection. Repeat the procedure before winter. Before using the drug, you must carefully study the instructions, since its composition includes toxic and dangerous components. The treatment procedure should be carried out twice with a break of one week.
Means for controlling rotten disease
After confirming the diagnosis by specialists in the apiary, a quarantine mode is introduced. If several families are affected, treatment is impractical, and the only way out is the complete destruction of the family. If diseased families can be saved and restored to their viability, bees are transplanted into clean hives. It is necessary to carry out manipulation in the evening. After transplanting, it is necessary to regularly feed the bees with medicinal syrup. It can be poured into honeycombs or sprayed with them and bees (in case the bees refuse to take syrup). The course of treatment is carried out every 5-7 days until complete recovery. In order to avoid the recurrence of the disease, it is recommended to feed healthy bees with syrup.
Preparation of medicinal syrup
To prepare the medicine, sugar syrup and drugs are needed. As a component, preparations for bees Neomycin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline are suitable. To calculate the required dosage, you must initially understand how much sugar syrup is needed, based on the number of sick families. 100-150 g of healing fluid is enough for one street. For each liter of syrup, you need to add one of the above drugs.
Ways to combat neomatosis
The main stage of treatment is sanitation of hives. Remediation is carried out with a 2% solution of soda or ash liquor. After completing the procedure, you need to treat the hives with a soap solution or by burning. At the end of the spring flight, healthy bees are placed in uninfected houses, and sick individuals are isolated and treated with antiseptic agents.
The following drugs are used to treat infected individuals: Nosemacid in the form of a powder, Enteroseptol in the form of tablets, Fumagilin in capsules. Most often, they use Nosemacid.
Prevention of disease in bees
In order to avoid the occurrence of various diseases in bees, it is necessary to regularly resort to preventive measures:
- houses for bees should be kept clean;
- the location of the hives should be in dry and warm places;
- regularly conduct land cultivation under the houses;
- provide bee colonies with high-quality food and in sufficient quantities;
- to exclude carrying out manipulations with hives in bad weather;
- Avoid stimulating the development of families using antibiotics to avoid weakening the immunity of bees.
Effective use of the drug "Kas" for bees to prevent the occurrence of varroatosis. Most drugs for the treatment and prevention of bee diseases are produced by Agrobioprom CJSC. Preparations for bees of this producer are widespread not only in Russia, but also abroad. As alternative methods of prevention, Chinese preparations for bees can be used. As a prophylaxis, the Lozeval drug for bees is effective, which is used in the spring after the first flyby. There are no contraindications to the use of this tool. However, experienced specialists recommend using it at a temperature not lower than +18.
Lozewal for bees
The drug is used in the form of a solution, which consists of two components: medication and water. For processing one bee family, it is necessary to use 5 ml of “Lozevalya” per 300 g. water. The resulting solution needs to be treated with honeycombs or put the treatment fluid directly into the feed at the rate of 50 ml per family of bees.
You need to carry out the procedure three times every two days. The course of treatment should be carried out throughout the week. After which they take a week break.
Reviews about the drug are more positive. Specialists note that after using the product, the working capacity of individuals increases. Effective use of "Lozeval" for the treatment of infected bees. With it, you can speed up the healing process of individuals and avoid infection of other bees.
Means "Kas-81"
An effective tool for combating diseases is the drug "Kas-81" for bees. The main advantage of the product is its natural composition. The main components are bitter wormwood and pine buds. It is important to properly approach the preparation of raw materials for the drug, since the collection of components must be done at a strictly defined time. Wormwood should be harvested during the growing season of the plant and during flowering. And pine buds are harvested during the growing season.
The use of the drug is indicated for varroatosis and nosematosis for the treatment of weak individuals. In addition, the drug stimulates the early spring development of bee colonies, thereby increasing the productivity of the queen bee.
Conclusion
Bees in the process of evolution have acquired the ability to prevent the emergence of many diseases. But despite this, the occurrence of diseases is observed quite often. It is necessary to identify the causative agent of the disease in time, establish a diagnosis and receive recommendations for the treatment of the bee family.
In case of untimely detected disease, the only way out can be the complete destruction of bee colonies. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to choose from the entire set of medical preparations the very remedy that will not only help cure weakened individuals, but also prevent re-infection.