Each child, before going to first grade, receives a certain knowledge base in kindergarten. Literacy of preschoolers, as a rule, takes place according to a “knurled” pattern: reading a primer, simple tales, writing letters, mainly in print. As a result, each child develops by virtue of his natural abilities. He who is gifted and talented quickly grasps new material; those same children who cannot navigate in the above have “gaps” in knowledge.
Features of the work of our gardens
Literacy of preschool children in various preschool educational institutions takes place in its own way. In those institutions where caregivers are caring, love their profession and are puzzled that all their wards should develop and improve, writing, grammar and reading lessons are held daily. In other gardens, such events can be carried out autonomously, by invited teachers, or not at all. In any case, it is important that the parents also take care of the child's education. Performing homework, receiving grades in a notebook, even from a mother, the baby will gradually prepare for the first grade program.
How to teach children literacy?
It is important to know that preschool literacy should not exclude the phonetic aspect. A child can learn all the letters, make words out of them and write on paper. But in parallel with this, he must certainly pronounce all syllables correctly. Be sure to invite the baby to read everything that he wrote. Thus, a sound-letter analysis is carried out, which most often consists in didactic games. They are carried out in gardens, they can be repeated at home so that the material is better absorbed. As an example, we describe several phonetic games that will help children learn all the features of pronunciation of sounds.
Perches and ducks
Children are divided into two groups: some “perch”, others - “ducks”. Now everyone mixes up and walks, runs, dances around the room, after which the leader says one of these two words. All members of the group whose name has sounded should freeze. Whoever did not do so is eliminated from the game. So the children will be able to quickly and distinctly distinguish between the sounds “O” and “U”.
"The cow flew"
Another technique for teaching literacy to preschoolers is a complete analysis of the word in the gameplay. To do this, the children sit in a circle, with each turning the right palm up, and the left pointing down. So all the neighbors will be able to hit each other's palm. Now, each child in turn speaks the words: "The Cow flew. She said the Word What Word the Cow said." The participant, on which the countdown stopped, invents a word, and according to a similar pattern, children pronounce each letter in turn, of which this word consists.
Hot ball
Literacy for preschoolers should take place not only in a playful way, but also with children's favorite toys. Among such intellectual entertainments, it is worth highlighting the "hot ball" - a puzzle game. Children line up in two lines, which are located facing each other. The first player makes a word and pronounces its first syllable, for example “eat”. Then he throws the ball to his comrade from the opposite line, and he, having caught the toy, must pronounce the second syllable “ka”. Variations are possible if one player says, for example, “ma”. Another can continue it as “ma”, “sha” or “shi”, and then throw the ball further in order to hear the third syllable “on”.
The literacy program for preschoolers should be implemented systematically, without long interruptions. Only in case of constant development, children will rise one step higher on the ladder of knowledge.