Educational goals - this is the main issue of pedagogy, which determines the content, methods and result of exposure to the child. It depends on their correct choice how a person grows, what personal qualities and character he will have.
What is the goal and objectives of education
First you need to understand what these concepts mean. It is generally accepted that the goal is the result that you are striving for. The tasks, in turn, answer the question of what actions can be used to achieve this.
Any upbringing is always directed at something, regardless of whether it is expressed in the smallest acts or large-scale state programs. The impact on the child is continuous, constantly directed to the future and involves a certain outcome.
The purpose of education is a pre-predicted result in preparing the younger generation for life in society, in its formation and personal development. It can be achieved by the teacher in the process of his work only through the implementation of more specific tasks.
For example, a teacher wants to increase student awareness of HIV. That is, as a result, the guys should have an idea about this disease. For this, the teacher will need to solve several problems: to tell what HIV infection is, how it is transmitted, how to prevent infection, to familiarize yourself with the examination options, and also to check the level of assimilation of the material.
As you can see, if you correctly define the goals and objectives of education, then you can correctly build your work. This will provide an opportunity to understand the development of what qualities, abilities and skills to contribute, as well as what knowledge to form.
General and individual educational goals
If we talk about the goals of education, then first of all, individual and general ones are distinguished. The humanistic direction in pedagogy advocates their combination and unity, which, of course, is right and necessary in the learning process.
The goal of upbringing is common if it is aimed at the formation of qualities in all people. We can say that this is a kind of social order to prepare the younger generation to perform certain functions that society most needs at this stage of development. It is also called the ideal goal, which combines political, economic, legal, biological, moral and aesthetic ideas about a harmoniously developed, perfect person and his significance in social life.
The individual goal of upbringing is the development of a specific, individual individual. This focuses on the reason that each person is unique and unique, with its own special set of opportunities and aspirations. That is why it is important to select an individual development line.
A person as a member of society depends on him, obeys his laws, norms and requirements. Therefore, a prerequisite in determining the outcome of education is the combination of individual and common goals.
Factors that determine the purpose of education
First of all, the choice of the purpose of education determines the need of society for people of a certain type. On the other hand, the result of exposure to the child will reflect the achieved level of development of society. The proof is the fact that various socio-economic formations had their own educational goals. This is illustrated by the example of changing priorities in such epochs as primitive communal, slaveholding, feudal and capitalist.
So, in a prehistoric society, all children were taught to cook, craft clothes and hunt animals. That is, the goal of education was to equip knowledge and skills that are simply necessary for survival. Under the slave system, the role of the owner was given priority, noble children were taught to conquer foreign lands and protect their own. Ordinary people brought up their generation, based on the value of humility and physical labor. In the era of feudalism, the qualities of a gentleman and a virtuous knight were instilled. The period of capitalism developed active and active people-entrepreneurs. At the same time, at all times, such eternal values as good, truth and beauty have been highly valued.
Also, for the most part, the goal of education is determined by the politics and ideology of the state. In any country, the development of the child is always aimed at strengthening the existing social relations. In addition, the choice of educational goals is influenced by social development, scientific and technological progress, the possibilities of educational institutions and the formation of pedagogical science. In addition to these factors, mental maturation and physiological characteristics of a person are of considerable importance.
All this, of course, simply needs to be taken into account in the work of the teacher and in determining the result of the development of the child.
Modern educational goals
Based on the foregoing, it became clear which citizen they wanted to receive in this or that era. But what about the purpose of education in the modern world?
Currently, the emphasis is on the humanistic direction. According to him, it is necessary to create conditions for the formation of a comprehensively developed and harmonious personality. It is she who today is a guideline for the formulation of the goals and objectives of pedagogy.
The humanistic trend believes that for comprehensive development it is important to focus on mental, physical, labor, economic, moral, environmental and aesthetic education.
The growth of the child intellectually can be called key. It was the mind that helped humanity separate from the animal world, create all the benefits of civilization and ensure social and economic progress. During the assimilation of knowledge, children gain certain abilities and skills, learn to understand the surrounding reality, natural phenomena, try to build their lives, using the theoretical information obtained in practice.
Another important goal of education is physical development. It promotes health and the formation of qualities such as courage, discipline, perseverance, determination and responsibility. Labor education instills a love of any work, whether it be domestic or professional. Knowing the basics of environmental disciplines will help preserve the environment and understand for children how to reduce the consumption of natural resources.
Aesthetic education develops the ability to create beauty around yourself with your own hands. At an early age, children form their views, tastes and ideals, which are based on national characteristics and achievements of civilization. The goal of moral education is the creation of a highly moral person who understands the beliefs, behavior habits and norms accepted in society. It is important for children to be taught to respect society, people, themselves and work. The younger generation should appreciate the honesty, responsibility, decency, mercy and other qualities that a citizen of the country should possess.
Educational tasks in an educational institution
The goal is achieved by solving certain problems. And the sphere of education is of considerable importance in raising children. Preschool institutions are faced with the following tasks:
- Life protection, strengthening mental and physical health.
- Conducting corrective exercises to eliminate developmental deficiencies.
- Parenting in children, taking into account the age characteristics of love for nature, family, homeland, a sense of citizenship and respect for others.
- To carry out harmonious development in different directions: cognitive-speech, physical, social-personal and artistic-aesthetic.
- Interact with the families of children and provide them with advisory assistance for the full formation of children.
The goals and objectives of education of school education are as follows:
- Introducing students to national culture, people's values, language, customs and traditions.
- The development of physical data, instilling a love for a healthy lifestyle.
- Creation of conditions for professional self-determination of children.
- Prevention of crimes and offenses by minors.
- Contributing to the manifestation of the potential of gifted children.
- Supporting the independence, initiative and creativity of students through the creation of children's movements and student self-government.
- Conducting educational work through the interaction of teachers, students and parents.
It is worth noting that the solution to these problems is relevant for any age group. However, the content and priority of the goal of teaching and upbringing differ at different periods of school life.
What tasks does family education solve?
Probably no one doubts that the family has the strongest influence on the upbringing of the child. Surrounded by close people, parents and relatives, all personal qualities are formed.
Family education is a complex system, since a number of factors are of great importance. This is the biological health of the parents and the child, heredity, material and economic condition, social status, lifestyle, place of residence, family relationships. In each individual case, all these factors manifest themselves in different ways and intertwine in a unique chain, creating specific conditions for education. Based on this, we can say that families in their own way understand the goals of education. This, unfortunately, is not always the right idea, and it often harms children.
The family as a unit of society must fulfill several functions so that the child grows up as a healthy and full-fledged personality:
- Creating maximum conditions for the development of children.
- Socio-economic and psychological protection of the child.
- Learning useful skills that are aimed at helping relatives and self-care.
- Transfer of successful experience in creating a family and raising children.
- Formation of self-esteem and self-worth.
When implementing these tasks in the family, it is important for parents to remember that it is possible to fully unlock children's potential through the use of activities that are attractive to the child.
Principles of education
What is a principle? This is the initial or fundamental position that guides the teacher when organizing the educational process. The goal is determined in advance, and it cannot be achieved if certain principles are not followed.
So, what should be guided by the teacher in his work?
- Focus on exposure to the child.
- Personal approach to everyone.
- To carry out education in the learning process.
- Take into account age and individual characteristics.
- Make demands, but respect the personality of the child.
- Link education with life.
Teachers and parents in the implementation of principles, goals and objectives can use different methods of education.
What are parenting methods
Let's start by defining this concept. Methods are specific ways and means of influencing behavior, consciousness, will and feelings. In another way, we can say that these are the methods of managing activities in the process of which the development and self-realization of the person is carried out. These are some moves that help to achieve the desired goal. Methods of education should be used wisely. The right choice guarantees success, a successful result.
Factors in choosing educational methods
- Goals and objectives of the development of the child.
- The content of the educational process.
- Accounting for age and personality characteristics. The same goal can be achieved by different methods, depending on the maturity of the pupil.
- Allocated deadlines. In conditions of limited time, tough methods are used that quickly work.
- Pedagogical literacy. The teacher or parents should rely on their knowledge and choose only those methods with which they are familiar, in which they are fully confident.
- Expected Consequences. When choosing a method, you must be able to anticipate the result to which it can lead. With an unfavorable outcome, it is necessary to abandon the method of influencing the child and find another way that would help to realize the goal of educating the person.
- Education conditions. These include the style of exposure, the climate in the team and other factors.
Parenting methods
Four groups of methods are traditionally distinguished: persuasion, training (exercises), stimulation of activity and self-education. Consider each view in more detail.
Methods of persuasion involve the conscious perception of certain values, which forms personal beliefs, views, ideals and affects the development of relationships. With this method of influence, the following methods are used: exhortation, story, clarification, conversation, exhortation, advice, suggestion and demand.
Teaching is a repeated repetition of any action with the awareness of the results and purpose of education. This, as the great teacher A. S. Makarenko wrote, is an exercise in the right thing. To do this, you must regularly perform the same thing so that the action becomes a familiar form of behavior. In the process of his life, a child develops many habits. And the good ones should be encouraged and turned into personality traits. For the development of young children, it is important to use game situations in which participants can understand the essence of what is happening and try themselves in different roles.
When stimulating activity, it is important to show prospects, create a mood of joy and expectation of a reward as a result of activity. With this method of education, you can use several techniques. This is encouragement (praise, delivery of something tangible), punishment (disapproval, censure, remark, condemnation, reprimand) and competition.
Self-education is the main way of development
This method is associated with situations where the child himself learns to understand what the main goal of education is, to put it before himself, to anticipate the results and move towards them. Children just need to be pushed to this way of development. A person is initially active from birth and is capable of self-education. By carrying out it, the child can self-educate, self-educate and improve.
To help children in this difficult matter, teachers and parents only need to outline a general plan and individual actions in the work. It is important to emphasize self-esteem, introspection, self-control, self-report and personal obligations. With this method of upbringing, the child forms moral and volitional qualities of the personality, which in the future will greatly help in life.
Summing up, we can say that the leading place in the development of children is occupied by tasks, goals, principles and methods. Their right choice will help to create a harmonious and comprehensive personality.