Gymnastics for a child of 5 years: types, examples of exercises

Gymnastics plays a huge role in the development of a child of 5 years. This is not only general strengthening physical exercises, but a whole complex: respiratory, finger, articulatory exercises. The article tells about how important each type of gymnastics is, some exercises are suggested that children at 4, 5 and 6 years old will be happy to perform. We begin the publication with a review of conventional gymnastics, in the occupation of which all muscle groups are involved.

Why do you need to do gymnastics?

You need to deal with children from birth and the entire period of their growing up. Gymnastics for a child of 5 years (as well as young and older) is necessary for physical activity, good work of metabolic processes, and indeed it is a charge of vigor for the whole day!

Regular classes have a positive effect on the health of the child. Exercise affects:

• to strengthen muscles;
• increased appetite;
• increase in vitality;
• activation of the work of internal organs (especially respiratory organs, cardiovascular system);
• coordination development;
• formation of correct posture;
• discipline;
• durability;
• mood improvement;
• slow children become more active, too excitable calm down a little.

Basic rules

In order for the child to get the maximum benefit from gymnastics, you need to follow some recommendations based on the long-term experience of physiologists, teachers and pediatricians. The rules are completely uncomplicated, and not only the experienced teacher, but every parent can follow them.

1. Classes should be held in a playful way, you can use equipment (jump ropes, balls, ribbons, gymnastic sticks).
2. There should be general strengthening gymnastics for children of 5 years. Make exercises so that during their performance all muscle groups are involved in turn.
3. Duration of classes - no more than 15 minutes. During this time, the child must perform from 8 to 10 exercises.
4. Change exercises from time to time, otherwise the child will become uninteresting and bored.
5. One exercise should be repeated 10-15 times, then be sure to take a break for 30 seconds.

Exemplary exercises

To make it more interesting for the child to engage, be sure to turn on the background music. Clothing should be comfortable for classes, sewn from natural fabric. The room should be well ventilated, but without drafts. Gymnastics for children 5-6 years old consists of blocks. It all starts with a warm-up, continues with the main complex, then the final stage. We suggest using the following exercises.

First block:

1. Walking in a circle, while swinging his arms to the sides (birds flew).
2. We got up. The hands should be placed on the shoulders, rotate the shoulders first, several times forward, then back.
3. Head tilts: forward, backward, right, left.
4. Circular movements of the head.
5. Inclination of the body.
6. Squats

Second block:

1. Put your hands on your belt, rotate the body with the maximum bend.
2. Leans forward with a straight back and a raised head (you get a 90 degree bend of the body): one, two, three, straightened, repeated 10-12 times.
3. Hands up, drop sharply.
4. Take turns to jump on one leg.
5. In turn, put one leg forward, bending the knee, and take the other back as far as possible.
6. Sit on the floor, legs wide apart, torso and pull the arms to the toe of one leg, then to the other.

Third block:

1. Throwing the ball around.
2. Kicking the ball with a hit on the floor.
3. Marching in a circle or walking with gymnastic ribbons (swing over your head).

Breathing exercises for children 5 years

The purpose of the exercise is to promote the health of preschool children. The value of respiratory gymnastics for a child of 5 years is very high, since exercises affect:

• to saturate each cell of the body with oxygen, which is impossible with normal breathing;
• the ability of preschool children to control breathing;
• strengthening the general state of health (exercises have a beneficial effect on the nervous system, the work of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract);
• improving brain function due to deep saturation of the body with oxygen.

In addition to all this, breathing exercises are a great way to prevent respiratory diseases.

Rules for gymnastics

There are children to whom contraindications are contraindicated, so you should consult your doctor. You need to do gymnastics twice a day, one lesson is from 10 to 30 minutes. At first, preschoolers may find the exercises difficult, but the teacher’s goal is to teach children how to perform them correctly, to fill their lungs with air as much as possible. It is imperative to master the skill of full release of the lungs, because children who do not exhale completely leave behind exhausted, harmful air.

The basic rules of breathing exercises for children 4-5 years old:

1. Classes are held no later than an hour before meals.
2. In order for children to show interest in the exercises, they need to be interestingly called (we will give examples later).
3. When doing exercises, use toys.
4. It is more productive to engage in breathing exercises on the street, but only in warm weather. During the cold season, they are engaged only in a warm, pre-ventilated room. Clothing for classes should be comfortable, and an acceptable air temperature from +17 to +22 degrees.
5. Only regular classes will give a positive result.
6. The first loads should be light, then the exercises are more difficult.
7. The first lessons are no more than 10 minutes, increase by 5 minutes every week, until you reach 30 minutes.

Execution technique

The basis of the exercises is an extended exhalation, which is combined with physical exercise. This is achieved by pronouncing different sounds when performing exercises: oooh, aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... on a sharp exhale: oh, oh, wow, fu, ha and so on.

Exercise example

Breathing exercises for a child 5 years old (as well as 4 and 6 years old) may contain the following exercises:

1. "Balloon". The child needs to imagine that he does not have a stomach, but a balloon that needs to be inflated. Let it lie on a flat surface, place a toy on your stomach (so it will be more interesting for the baby to observe the process, understand it). You need to slowly blow the tummy through the nose until it becomes full. The breath is held for 2-3 seconds, then the "ball" is slowly completely deflated through the mouth. To make sure that there is no air left in the lungs, the child should push it out sharply, maybe several times, with the sounds "hu", "ha" and so on.
2. "Diver". The kid needs to imagine that he is diving into the sea, and for this he needs to take in as much air as possible (once through his mouth), hold him as long as possible, when he "emerges", release all the air through his mouth.
3. "Yellow Dandelion, White Dandelion." Let the baby imagine that he has a yellow dandelion in his hand and begins to deeply inhale the “aroma” through his nose. Suddenly the dandelion turned white, now it needs to be blown away, releasing the accumulated air through the mouth.
4. Hands along the body, a series of sharp breaths is quickly made, filling the lungs with air, the hands are each compressed into fists. On one long exhale, raise your hands up and shake your hands.

There are a lot of exercises, use real balloons, basins with water and paper boats, "race" of pencils on the table (two pencils on the table, children blow on them to start rolling, the one that is faster, he won).

Finger gymnastics

Pediatricians, psychologists, educators, anthropologists and neurosurgeons urge parents to do finger exercises with their children. Why is this needed? It has already been proven that both physical and mental development depend on how developed the fine motor skills of the hands are, and the fingertips of children are involved in the work. Such gymnastics is needed by preschool children, since it is a generation of activity:

• muscular
• auditory;
• physical;
• creative;
• cognitive;
• imitative;
• visual spatial;
• speech and thought;
• auditory.

Educational exercises

There are many exercises for finger gymnastics for children 4-5 years old. You can simply arrange a shadow theater every day, where the characters will be pens and fingers (you need to set them so that the shadows resemble different animals or figures). And you can perform other exercises, but only in the form of a game:

1. DAC Scratches. Children presented themselves as cats and cats, their hands were squeezed at the elbows, hands at the level of the head. Four fingers need to be pressed to the top of the palm with pads, and a large one pressed to the bent forefinger - these are cat's paws. We try to press our fingers hard, and then we open our palms sharply, our fingers are tense in position, as if the cat is releasing claws. Repeat the exercise several times.
2. The barbel beetle. Brushes in fists, we release the index finger and little finger ("Goat") on the sides, you can run, moving your fingers, and at the same time buzzing "zhzhzhzhzh". Then open the palms, flew!

You can squeeze and unclench your fingers, let the child “walk” with your fingers in your palm, “draw” them.

Articulation gymnastics for children 5-6 years old

It may seem funny to some parents that their children distort certain words by pronouncing them incorrectly. But this is a problem with the articulation apparatus, and you need to start practicing gymnastics to improve it. The exercises are aimed at developing the tongue, lips, jaws, larynx and so on.

Incorrect spelling of words can become a reason for jokes over a child in kindergarten, and this hurts the psyche. Articulating gymnastics for children 4-5 years old, as well as 6- and 7-year-olds can be carried out not only by professional speech therapists, but also simple teachers, parents.

Articulation exercises

Each of the proposed exercises to repeat 10-15 times.

1. "Proboscis". Children need to be invited to play elephants, fold their lips with a proboscis, buzz a second, return their lips to their normal position.
2. "Needle". Children are invited to play a needle with their tongue: open their mouth wide, and use their tongue to make movements, like a needle when sewing. Then close the mouth, but open the jaws as much as possible, there should be a lot of space in the mouth (only lips are compressed). The tongue needs to be "pricked" in turn, then one cheek, then another.
3. The hamster. Playing a hamster is simple, you need to inflate your cheeks as much as possible, hold them for 5 seconds, then clap your hands sharply on the cheeks, blowing them away.

Any gymnastics for a child of 5 years is important. Do not be lazy to deal with the baby, because with the help of exercises it becomes healthier, faster and better developed.