A little man who has just been born, without even realizing it, begins to get acquainted with his environment: the baby first sees his mother, hears sounds, feels warmth and comprehends many other unexplored secrets around him. Each year, such knowledge becomes deeper, and research methods - more complicated. Undoubtedly, adults become the guides in this process of discovering the world. In the first years of life, these are parents and people from the immediate environment, and starting from toddler, revealing the “secrets” around the baby is a professional task for preschool and after-school teachers. In this regard, in kindergartens, classes around the world are included in the program. The preparatory group focuses on this section of the program. We will tell you what features a teacher should consider when working with this age category and how to implement the educational tasks.
Learning Objectives
If previously a clear framework and goals were set that the educator should have carried out in his professional activity, then with the introduction of the federal state educational standard, the situation has changed exactly the other way around. Today, the task of a teacher is not so much to give specific knowledge to children, how to develop cognitive activity, the ability to research, analyze, generalize knowledge among their pupils. Accordingly, now they take a creative form of classes in the surrounding world in the preparatory group. Acquaintance with nature is carried out in such a way that children become active participants in the “discovery” of new information.
Let us explain the example of classes on the world around the theme: "Autumn." If earlier it was enough to show children pictures of leaf fall, rain, tell about changes in the lives of animals and people at this time of the year, today the most effective form of conducting such a lesson will be an excursion in which children independently (under the unobtrusive guidance of the teacher) determine the changes in the environment environment. For example, they will collect bouquets of fallen leaves (which can then be used to consolidate knowledge in aesthetic studies), measure air temperature with a thermometer, observe the behavior of birds, insects, and much more.
The role of classes around the world in the preparatory group
Classes around the world in the preparatory group occupy an important place in the entire educational process. This is due not only to maximally prepare future first-graders for independent activity and orientation in the school team, but also to the increased capabilities of the children themselves. And today, educators are offered ample opportunities to choose methods and techniques for presenting material, and their pupils are active participants in cognition.
Knowledge integration
Classes around the world in the preparatory group - a wide range of different knowledge. Starting at the age of three, children begin to be actively interested in everything that happens around themselves. That is why, at this age, children are called "how-tos." Knowledge of the environment is also very important for students in the preparatory group. Growing up children can already independently learn and unravel the secrets of the unknown. The task of the educator at this stage is to develop curiosity, cognitive activity, direct the kids to the correct conclusions and conclusions, and directly coordinate the process of cognition.
Classes are held on the topics around the world in the preparatory group:
- Familiarization with animals and plants.
- Seasons, months, days of the week. Time.
- The space around us. Elementary geographical knowledge. Space.
- Items and their purpose. Professions.
- Sensory. Direction. Orientation in space.
- Society: kindergarten, family, country.
- The concept of own "I".
- Human labor activity.
- Self catering.
- Etiquette.
- Aesthetic development.
- Speech and communication.
Every day, staying in a preschool, the child discovers for himself something new from the above areas of knowledge, thereby consolidating and expanding the existing baggage of information about the world around him.
Class Recommendations
In the preparatory group should choose methods other than those in the younger groups. This recommendation is related to the age characteristics of children, as well as the objectives of the educational program.
During classes around the world, the pupils, as they say, do not sit still. Therefore, such forms of conducting classes as walking, sightseeing, traveling, research, experiment, quest play are effective and interesting for children. As an example, we can give classes around the world in the preparatory group on the theme: "Autumn." You can come up with "stations" at which information and tasks for a specific phenomenon are presented: rains, fall foliage, animal behavior in the fall, people's work.
It is necessary to consolidate the acquired knowledge on a daily basis, not only in other classes (for example, on the topic of “Autumn”, draw a leaf fall or perform an application in a lesson in fine art), but also by applying practical skills and abilities (children measure air temperature every morning and keep rain diaries) etc.).
Environmental Performance
The teacher is faced with the task of instilling in children a careful and responsible attitude to the world and wildlife. To achieve such goals, an important aspect is the availability of the necessary material and technical equipment in the group. In addition to the teaching material, it is recommended to create a “wildlife corner” together with the children. Thanks to him, the pupils will not only daily observe the animals and plants with great pleasure, learn to care for and protect her, but also practice communication, interaction in the team, and form friendships.
A corner of nature for a walk
On a walk, you can organize the cultivation of a flower bed or garden, build a birdhouse and feed the birds. Children receive knowledge at ease and naturally thanks to this form of classwork around the world in a preparatory group. Acquaintance with the secrets of wildlife is carried out by practical methods, giving the child the opportunity to show their skills and abilities, to fulfill themselves.
Forms of classes
In kindergartens, various forms of conducting classes around the world are used: individual, frontal and group. So, for example, you can observe the behavior of fish in the aquarium all together, and only a few people will be responsible for watering flowers on one day - on duty, only one child can be assigned to feed.
The development of speech in the classroom around the world
The development of correct literate speech is a universal task of the kindergarten educational program. We must not forget about this aspect in the classroom around the world. Today, thanks to technological development, it will not be difficult for an educator to find literary works of various genres and corresponding to any subject.
The main forms are poems and fairy tales. So, classes are conducted around the world in a preparatory course for the development of speech using simple memorizing poetic forms that children immediately learn by heart. And, therefore, the material is absorbed faster, more natural and remembered for a long time. An interesting form is rhymed outdoor games or theatrical environmental performances.
In the classes around the world, the preparatory group should expand the vocabulary of children: introduce new terms for students, include adjectives and complex sentences. You can invite children to describe the nature around or a flower seen on the street, while asking the kids to use different forms of words, phrases and sentences. For example, propose such a ball game: children become in a circle; passing the ball to a neighbor, you need to answer the question of the educator about what the weather is today (sunny, clear, rainy, gloomy, cool, windy, etc.).
Aesthetic and artistic development
Undoubtedly, the knowledge of the world is expressed in aesthetic and artistic manifestations. In addition, in this way the previous lessons on the outside world are fixed in the preparatory group. Acquaintance with drawing, application and modeling thematically overlap with cognitive material. At the same time, children develop aesthetic abilities, fine motor skills (which, in turn, is directly related to speech), an individual perception of the world is formed, and self-realization and self-expression of the child occurs.
Labor activity
Despite the fact that according to GEF, it is not recommended for children to carry out labor activities, most teachers are inclined to the fact that such a process disciplines, develops and trains at the same time. Indeed, after watering the flowers, the child did not so much “work” physically as he showed concern for wildlife, realized himself in independent activity, and received the encouragement of the team. It is only important to pay attention to the fact that the activity is pleasing to the child, is not coercive and, moreover, is not a means of censure. If the teacher requires the child in an authoritarian tone to take away, for example, overturned bread, then there will be little benefit from such activity, or rather, no. The same situation can be solved in a completely different way. For example, on the same day, hold a lesson on the outside world on the topic: “How is bread grown?”
Classes around the world in the preparatory group of the kindergarten is a creative process, each educator chooses the appropriate methods and techniques for working with their kids. It is important to give children the opportunity to express feelings, feelings. Let the kids “touch” nature with their hearts and souls, only then is it possible to achieve the tasks set for education.