Types of theaters in kindergarten and attributes for theatrical games

Psychologists have proved that play activity is an integral component of the harmonious comprehensive development of preschool children. This is due to age-related features of the development of mental processes of babies. With the help of this type of activity, preschoolers learn the world around them, learn communication and interaction with peers, and adapt in society. One of the effective types of game activity in kindergarten is the theater. In such activities, preschoolers are creative, realize their potential, develop abilities. Therefore, it is so important to conduct theatrical games in DOW. Such activities are organized in a preschool in a variety of forms. About what types of theaters are in kindergarten and how to organize them correctly, we will consider in this material. In addition, we will share interesting ideas for manufacturing attributes and equipment for such work.

The impact of the theatrical game on the development of a preschooler

It is impossible to overestimate the beneficial effect of theatrical games on the development of preschool children . Such activities contribute to:

• the assimilation and consolidation of educational material by children;
• the development of speech and fine motor skills;
• the formation of communication skills;
• development of creative abilities, revealing talents of kids;
• the formation of the ability to interact with others;
• the formation of a sensitive emotional sphere;
• the emergence of a steady interest in fiction, a book;
• fostering aesthetic taste;
• the development of such personal qualities as determination, will, initiative and others.

Types of theaters in DOW

Thus, the organization of theatrical activities in preschool education solves the goals of a number of educational and educational goals. In addition, it contributes to the implementation of the requirements of the state standard, because thanks to this form of pedagogical work, children learn to independently put forward ideas, argue, show initiative and creativity.

What kinds of theaters in kindergarten can be organized? In the pedagogical literature it is proposed to conduct activities with preschoolers such as:

• table theater;
• stand;
• horse;
• wrist;
• floor;
• live puppet theater.

In turn, each of these species is divided into subspecies. We will tell you more about each of them below.

Poster Theater

The poster theater is a surface on which figures and decorations are mounted. This type includes:

1. Theater on a flannelograph (a board covered with fabric). To organize this type of activity, an industrial or self-made flannelgraph and figures-characters of the selected artwork, on which it is necessary to attach Velcro from the back, will be required. Thus, as the plot develops, the child is invited to attach the necessary figures to the flannelgraph.
2. Magnetic is, in fact, the same as the previous view, only a metal board is used, and magnetic strips are attached to the figures instead of Velcro. The basis and, accordingly, the characters of such a theater are of very different sizes: from a small desktop version, to a full screen for an audience or music room.
3. The shadow theater in the gardens is the most mysterious and unusual for the perception of children, preschoolers enthusiastically participate in such a game. To organize this type of theater, you will need a screen (vertically stretched white fabric), a lantern or a table lamp (depending on the size of the screen), and cardboard figures in black. Instead of toy characters, shadows can be created directly with your hand and fingers. This view is called the "theater of living shadows."

Table theater

The name of this type of theater speaks for itself - the gaming activity is carried out on the table. Its feature is that the scenery and characters must be small in order to be able to place all the necessary attributes of the game on the surface. What is the table theater in kindergarten:

1. Paper (cardboard). Often, such a ready-made theater can be found in a children's magazine - you just need to cut out and collect all the necessary details and you can start the performance.
2. Magnetic is a metal board with magnets - the characters of a fairy tale.
3. A theater made of natural material, such as cones, chestnuts, acorns, etc. It is convenient to place such characters in a sandbox.

Wrist Theater

This type includes theatrical activity, which requires attributes such as finger puppets or toys - “gloves”. The following "wrist" types of theaters in kindergarten are distinguished:

• finger;
• glove box.

What is necessary in order to organize such a theatrical activity? First of all, we need a screen. Its size depends directly on the size of the characters. In turn, dolls are most often made independently by the teacher. But the pupils can also take an active part in the creation of characters. For example, you can make finger puppets from cardboard cones, fabric, tennis balls and other materials.

“Glove dolls” can be made, for example, from mittens or socks by sewing on the base the necessary elements (face, hands, clothes, etc.).

It is important to note that the finger theater, among other advantages, effectively develops the fine motor skills of preschoolers, which, in turn, directly affects the formation of children's speech.

Horse theater

What is a riding theater? Such a term was introduced by Russian puppeteers back in the 16th century. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that dolls are higher than the growth of the person who controls them. There are the following types:

1. In the reed theater, dolls are used, which, respectively, are mounted on a high cane, and the person who controls the characters is hidden behind a screen.
2. The B-Ba-Bo Theater is gaining great popularity. In principle, this is the same “glove”, since dolls are worn on the arm. The only difference is that a high screen is used and, thus, the characters are shown to viewers at a level higher than the puppeteer’s height.
3. No less interesting is the theater of spoons in kindergarten. Attributes for such a gaming activity to make yourself is very simple. To do this, you need a wooden spoon. The character's face is drawn on its convex part, and the clothes of a fairy-tale hero are put on the handle. During the staging of the children's play, puppeteers hold characters from spoons by the handle.

Outdoor theater

In the outdoor theater puppet dolls are used. Making them yourself is quite difficult, so most often they are purchased in specialized stores. Due to this feature, this type of theatrical activity is carried out infrequently in kindergartens. But it is precisely the puppet theater that causes preschool children a storm of emotions, delight. Since the kids still do not understand the mechanism of action of such dolls, the children imagine that the toys "came to life" themselves. It is this element of “miracle”, “fairy tale” that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions among preschoolers.

Live doll theater

But more often than others, a “live” puppet theater is organized in kindergarten. Such activities can be carried out as a lesson in the development of speech, the world around us, learning a foreign language, as well as during leisure time. In addition, the production of a “live” theater can be dedicated to a holiday, for example, Maslenitsa or the New Year.

The following types of gaming activities are distinguished:

• masque;
• Giant Puppet Theater.

The latter is carried out most often as leisure activities in a preschool educational institution. The roles of giant dolls are performed either by adults or older preschoolers. Younger children can only act as spectators.

Then, as a mask theater is suitable for children of any age. Even the smallest pupils have the opportunity to "transform" into a fairy tale hero. The teacher can suggest that the children retell the story they love so much in an unusual way or prepare a full-fledged performance for the parents.

Preschoolers can make masks for the upcoming performance on their own under the guidance of a teacher, for example, in classes on artistic and aesthetic development or during leisure activities.

How to independently make a screen for the theater in a preschool educational institution?

In order to organize a theatrical activity with preschoolers, various attributes will be required, including masks, dolls, and scenery. Of course, the necessary equipment can be purchased in specialized stores. But, having invited the kids to make the necessary equipment for theatricalization of the tale, it is possible not only to diversify the educational process of preschool children, increase motivation for work, but also to realize the main educational and educational goals.

What can a theater be made for preschoolers from? Most of these creative activities require a screen for the theater. The kindergarten usually has the indicated equipment either in the games room or in the music room. But in the absence of a screen of the required size - it can be made independently.

The easiest way to make such an attribute for a theatrical play is to stretch dense fabric in the doorway. Depending on what type of activity is supposed to be carried out, a “window” is cut out in the material, or indentation is made from above to place the characters.

Finger Theater Screen

To organize a finger theater, you need a small screen. Therefore, it is possible to produce the specified attribute from cardboard boxes, at the bottom of which a hole must be cut. Such a screen then needs to be aesthetically designed. It is recommended to decorate the box with universal decorations so that you do not have to make a new screen for each fairy tale separately. So, you can arrange in the form of a forest glade, arrange a "house on the edge".

Dolls for the theater in the DOW from improvised materials

Preschoolers really like to make dolls-characters for theatrical games on their own from unusual materials. What can such attributes be made of? A teacher practicing creative approach at work is able to make figures from the most unexpected materials. For example, a paper theater is the easiest and fastest way to make characters yourself.

You can also use wooden sticks from ice cream, pasting them with felt, foil, colored self-adhesive film. Photos of such characters for theatrical activities can be seen below.

Character Making Materials

What else can you make the characters of the puppet theater :

• cardboard, making two holes for the fingers at the bottom;
• matchboxes;
• tennis balls;
• inflatable balls;
• disposable tableware: plates, cups, spoons;
• sock, mittens, gloves;
• plastic bottles;
• natural material, etc.

Thus, it is possible to organize different types of theaters in kindergarten. It is important for the teacher when planning such activities to take into account the age and individual characteristics of the pupils, their interests. In addition, it is necessary not only to correctly conduct a theatrical game, but also to methodically correctly think through the preparatory and final stages of working with children. The effectiveness of pedagogical work with preschoolers as a whole depends on these factors.