Almost everyone knows what heredity is. From a scientific point of view, heredity is the ability of an organism to transmit developmental features and signs to its offspring. Each child adopts from parents some character traits and features of appearance, this is the answer to the question of
what is heredity. In addition, the body is able to adopt the type of metabolism, and diseases, and inclinations. This is due to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), a genetic material.
Genetics
What is heredity, even many children know, but far from everyone knows that the science of heredity is genetics.
Types of Genetics
If we talk about human genetics, then they divide it into the following types:
- Population. He is engaged in the study of genetic processes in groups of people that occur during certain marriages, under the influence of mutation, selection, isolation or population migration. She also studies the pattern of formation of the human genotype.
- Biochemical He is engaged in the study of specific, genetically controlled biochemical syntheses, while using the most modern biochemistry methods (electrophoresis, analyzes, chromatography, etc.).
- Cytogenetics. He is engaged in the study of material carriers of heredity, that is, he studies the chromosomes, their functions and structure.
- Immunogenetics. It stands out due to the establishment of many immunological features. These are mainly antigens of white blood cells and red blood cells, protein groups of blood serum.
Types of heredity
To date, the following types of heredity are distinguished:
1. Nuclear. It is associated with the transmission of traits (hereditary) that are in the chromosomes of the nucleus. Its second name is chromosomal.
Criteria for types of nuclear inheritance:
- autosomal recessive inheritance is rare (not in every generation). If both parents have this symptom, their children cannot be avoided either. It can also be in children of those parents who do not have such signs;
- autosomal dominant occurs in every generation. If there is a sign of at least one of the parents, the child will also have it;
- hollandric (linked to the Y - chromosome) is only a masculine trait and is common. It is transmitted along the male line;
- recessive with X - chromosome is rare. Women can only be if the father has this symptom;
- dominant with the X - chromosome occurs in women 2 times more often.
2. Cytoplasmic. It is revealed by comparing the results of various reciprocal crosses.
Heredity and environment
In the same situation, people will behave differently. This fact is attributed to heredity. But although it plays an important role in the life and development of man, the environment is also quite significant. The final formation of personality depends on the psychological and physical education of a person. Heredity and the environment are always interconnected. The more favorable the environment, the greater the chance of raising a worthy person from a child, even if genetic heredity leaves much to be desired. Now, having received the answer to the question: “What is heredity?”, You can raise a wonderful person.