Almost every calendar number has some kind of holiday: national, church, state or professional. Perhaps he became special because of the date of birth of a person who later became famous. October 8 is no exception. It accounts for several significant dates. Let's talk about some of them.
Commander's Day
On October 8, Russia marks the Day of the commander of a surface, underwater and air ship. It was first celebrated in 2007 (decree of 08.10.2007). It is the commander who is the head of the entire personnel, he is responsible for each crew member, is responsible for the implementation of tasks.
The date of the celebration was not randomly chosen on October 8. The feast is dedicated to the feat. More than a hundred years ago, on the same month and day, in the Navarino naval battle, the battleship Azov, under the command of Captain I Rank M. Lazarev, proved worthy.
Battle of Navarino
The events took place during the Greek National Liberation War for Independence, which lasted from 1821 to 1829. The largest naval battle took place in 1827, October 8, it happened in the Bay of Navarino. On the one hand, the squadrons of Russia and two other countries united - England and France. And on the other - the Turkish-Egyptian fleet. Russia (together with two other countries) the Ottoman fleet was defeated. For military merits, the Azov ship was marked with the St. George flag and a pennant.
During the battle, P. S. Nakhimov, V. A. Kornilov, who later became famous Russian naval commanders, the heroes of the Sevastopol defense and Sinop of 1854-1855, showed themselves from the best side. Veteran organizations became the initiators of the holiday Day of the commander of a surface, underwater and air ship. October 8 present awards and orders, prizes and valuable gifts, confer titles.
Lawyer Day of Ukraine
It is impossible to imagine a modern legal state without lawyers. Without a doubt, every person at least once in his life resorted to the help of a legal entity.
According to history, the science of jurisprudence appeared long before our era. In the mythology of any nation, there were gods of justice, retribution, truth, justice and revenge (Themis, Nemesis, Maat, Erinius). In Russia, legal activity was formed in the middle of the 18th century with the participation of Peter I. The training of students in the Academy of Sciences began. On the territory of the Soviet Union, the holiday was unofficially celebrated on December 3. After the USSR was divided into independent republics, each former socialist country chose its own date.
In Ukraine, this holiday is annually celebrated on the 8th day of October since 1997. Approved, he was president of Ukraine in September. The year 2017 marked the 21st anniversary of this event.
Congratulations are received by employees of legal and personnel departments at enterprises, notaries and law firms. Lawyer Day of Ukraine is celebrated by graduates of law faculties. Since 2001, in this country, the best employees have been awarded the State Honored Lawyer of Ukraine Award.
Planting Day in Namibia
In order to improve the ecological situation on the continent, most African countries are actively planting seedlings of trees. In Namibia, conservation of natural resources and environmental protection is decided at the state level. This country has a very hot climate, 300 days a year - sunny. Two rainy seasons are short: the first lasts from September to November, the second - from February to April. It is believed that planting in October is the most favorable for rooting seedlings. This holiday is held every second Friday of October, annually.
The first tree planting day was held in 1991. But then he did not become popular. The number of trees planted on this day increased only by the year 2000. It is noteworthy that every year they choose a national tree and plant seedlings all over the country. Schoolchildren also take an active part in the tree planting festival.
Cuba: Heroic Partisan Day
Who did not hear this name - Ernesto Che Guevara, a Latin American revolutionary, Cuban statesman and commander of the Cuban revolution? This national holiday is directly related to the name of this hero. The Day of the Heroic Partisan is celebrated on October 8th.
Since 1966, Che Guevara in Bolivia took part in the partisan struggle. In 1967, on October 8, in the mountains of Bolivia, his last battle took place. A squad of Che Guevara, consisting of seventeen people, surrounded the "rangers" - specially trained specialists from the CIA to fight the rebels. Che caused a fight on himself, so 11 people from the squad were able to leave. The next morning, the revolutionary was executed.
On October 15, Fidel Castro addressed the people, in which he announced the death of Che Guevara, recognizing his loss as a heavy blow. Mourning was declared in the country, which lasted for a month. And October 8 - the day when Che Guevara was captured, - Fidel Castro decided to consider Day of the heroic partisan, thus paying tribute to this man. It is known that the Cuban secret services calculated and destroyed the killers of the legendary commandant Che.
Reverend Day
Sergius of Radonezh: October 8 is the day of his memory. Bartholomew (in the world) was born in early May 1314 in a boyar's family. Father was called Cyril, and mother was called Mary. Together with his brothers Bartholomew learned to read and write, but it was given to him with difficulty. One day, when he was thirteen years old, he met the “old man of the Montenegrin” and asked him to pray that he could overcome the letter. Soon the boy read surprisingly well.
After the death of his parents, he and his brother Stefan founded deserts near the Konchura River. Soon monks began to come to him and a cloister appeared. In 1330, a church was built in this place in the name of the Holy Trinity. The temple was visited by peasants and princes, made donations, and soon it turned into a rich monastery. It is known that even during his life Sergius of Radonezh possessed the gift of miracles. Patients whom he healed began to be brought to him. The Monk Sergius was venerated along with the saints.
Having lived to a very old age, anticipating his demise (within six months), he blessed the Mother Superior of St. Nikon. The monk died in 1392 on September 25, but according to the new style, the date of his death is October 8. After 30 years, the relics of Sergius were gained. Currently, they are located in the Trinity Cathedral of the Holy Trinity St. Sergius Lavra. In 1919, the Bolsheviks discovered their relics and transferred them to the museum. In 1946, they were returned to the church.
Marina Tsvetaeva
There are very few such people who would not hear about the famous poetess Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva. Tsvetaeva's birthday is October 8, 1892. Father - Ivan Vladimirovich, professor at Moscow University, philologist. He founded the Museum of Fine Arts, which bears the name of Pushkin. Mom - Maria Alexandrovna Maine - was a famous pianist. She is from a family of Russified German Poles. Mom was sick with consumption, therefore, as prescribed by doctors, the family lived for a long time abroad, in a milder climate. In 1906, in the summer, she died in her own house in Tarusa.
The first book of Marina’s poems entitled “An Evening Album” was published in 1910. Her work was noted by such famous poets as V. Bryusov, N. Gumilev, M. Voloshin. In 1911, Tsvetaeva met Sergei Efron. In 1912 they marry, in the same year the couple has a daughter. A new book comes out - “Magic Lantern”. In 1913, Tsvetaeva’s father dies and the third collection of “From Two Books” is published.
In the spring of 1917, a second daughter appeared in the family, who, 3 years later, during the Civil War, would die of exhaustion. In July 21 of the last century, Marina receives a letter from her husband from Prague. A year later, the poetess and daughter leave for Berlin, where she will live 2.5 months. In Germany, she meets her husband and leaves for the Czech Republic. The family will live there for three years. A couple will have a son, George, during this period. In the Czech Republic, the poetess will finish the collection of poems "Well done", and will also work on poems "Poem of the Mountain", "Pied Piper". In 1925, she and her children moved to Paris. The husband is finishing his studies in Prague. In France, the family will live 13.5 years. Tsvetaeva is already a famous poet, in the clubs of Paris they arrange her evenings. In 1928, her last lifetime collection, “After Russia,” was published.
The last years of the poet's life
While abroad, Tsvetaeva often thought about returning to her homeland. In March 1937, her daughter returned to the Soviet Union, and in October, her husband. In the early summer of 1939, Marina and her son returned to their homeland. On August 27, Tsvetaeva’s daughter is arrested, and on October 10, his wife. In 1941, Sergei Efron was shot. Her daughter will be in custody until 1955, and will later be rehabilitated. In 1941, on the last day of August, the poetess Marina Tsvetaeva hanged herself, and three years later, her son George will die in the war.