Moderate polyhydramnios is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid. Such a diagnosis can be made at any stage of pregnancy. This is not a very common complication. It occurs in about 2-3 women out of 99. Expectant mothers during pregnancy must monitor the amount of fluid. That is, you must plan to visit an ultrasound and regularly go to the gynecologist's appointment.
For the normal development of pregnancy, the amount of amniotic fluid should not exceed 1-1.5 liters. It consists of proteins, calcium salts, sodium, chlorine and water, which is approximately 96%. Thanks to amniotic fluid, the child receives all the necessary substances for normal development. Another function of the waters is to protect the little one. In it, he can move and move without risking injuries and other injuries.
Properties of amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid has the following properties:
- It protects the fetus from external stimuli: noise, shock, concussion.
- Prevents crushing of the umbilical cord.
- Reduces pain during contractions.
- Helps to open the cervix.
- Prevents the entry of substances harmful to the fetus from the outside world.
- It contains immunoglobulins.
Norm
The amount of fluid changes during pregnancy. Each trimester has its own norms. What are they, you can find out from the table below.
Duration (weeks) | Amount of water (ml) |
Up to 16 | 25–65 |
17–20 | 70–250 |
20–25 | 250-400 |
25–34 | 400-800 |
34–38 | 800–1000 |
38–40 | 1000-1250 |
40–42 | 1000-800 |
From 39-40 weeks until delivery, the amount of water is reduced. Doctors are guided by average indicators. And with a deviation from the norm in any direction, the diagnosis of low water or moderate polyhydramnios is diagnosed.
Norm after 30 weeks of pregnancy
The doctor can diagnose polyhydramnios at any stage of pregnancy. But you can talk about the deviation only after 20 weeks. If the diagnosis was not confirmed at the second ultrasound, then the next time only a moderate polyhydramnios is found during the third planned ultrasound. 32 weeks is the time when you need to constantly go to the antenatal clinic. An experienced doctor will help a pregnant woman control her condition. He diagnoses the problem, even if the woman has no complaints.
By the way, it can be detected not only by ultrasound, but also with Dopplerometry, and during the examination. Moderate polyhydramnios during pregnancy (32 weeks) is set when the amount of amniotic fluid reaches 1500-1900 ml. At the same time, a woman feels water flowing in her stomach, and the child often moves. A pregnant woman may feel similar discomfort at a later date. At the eighth month, she may be tormented by moderate polyhydramnios. 34 weeks is another critical period. At this time, a similar diagnosis is made when the normal amount of fluid is exceeded by 200-400 ml.
Reasons that can provoke polyhydramnios
At present, doctors have not yet fully studied the reasons that cause moderate polyhydramnios during pregnancy. But they highlight several hypothetical factors that can provoke a problem:
- Deviations in fetal development.
- Diseases of an infectious nature that a woman suffered.
- Bacterial diseases.
- Some diseases of the vascular system and heart.
- The conflict of the Rh factor in the fetus and mother.
- Increased pregnant sugar.
- Kidney disease (pyelonephritis and the like).
- When several fruits develop.
- If the baby is big enough.
Even if there is one cause, moderate polyhydramnios may appear.
Symptoms
The following symptoms can recognize the appearance of deviations associated with polyhydramnios:
- An enlarged belly that does not meet the timing.
- During auscultation, the child’s heart is hard to hear.
- Increased fetal mobility.
- Dyspnea.
- Weakness.
- Swelling.
- Heartburn.
- Pain in the abdomen.
- The appearance of striae.
Upon examination and palpation, the doctor will notice the tension of the abdomen and the highly located underlying part. Most often, with this deviation of a pregnant woman, it is difficult to independently notice polyhydramnios.
Treatment
Moderate polyhydramnios is treated, eliminating the cause of its occurrence. After passing all the necessary tests and examinations, the doctor will be able to determine the causes of this pathology. Therapy is prescribed comprehensively. It includes diuretics (diuretics), antibiotics and vitamins. They help to reduce the amount of water, destroy harmful microorganisms, increase immunity and improve health. If treatment fails, then in some cases cause childbirth. This does not occur before the 35th week of pregnancy.
Danger of pathology
Deviation is dangerous because it can cause serious consequences for both the mother and the baby. These include:
- Premature birth.
- Detachment of the placenta.
- Death of the fetus.
- The appearance of deviations in the development of the baby.
- Infectious infection of mother and baby.
- Prolapse of the umbilical cord or limb of the fetus.
- Undescended and unrecorded presentation.
- Bleeding.
- Gestosis of different nature.
Also, the child cannot take a normal position, as it is in constant motion due to the large amount of water.
Pathology Prevention
In order to prevent its occurrence, it is necessary to apply a few simple rules. Expectant mother is recommended:
- Move more.
- Use normalized fluid.
- Balanced to eat.
- Drink vitamins and medications prescribed by your doctor.
- Timely and regularly undergo examinations, take tests.
- Visit a doctor.
Also, in the early stages, it is necessary to exclude the conflict of the Rh factor in the mother and the fetus. If you follow all the recommendations and adhere to these simple rules, then the likelihood of a deviation will be minimized. By the way, pathology occurs most often due to infections and a Rh factor conflict. Therefore, before the pregnancy, undergo an examination and, if necessary, treatment.