Fun and exciting finger gymnastics for children will help to develop mobility of the hands, flexibility of the fingers of the child's hands. And this, in turn, will enable the baby to master the basics of mathematical knowledge, to master oral and written speech without problems. In addition, a correctly selected set of exercises and games with fingers will allow balancing the emotional background, and will have a positive psychological effect.
Finger gymnastics for children and their overall development
The consequence of the development of fine motor skills of the hands is an improvement in the functioning of the right and left hemispheres of the brain. Their synchronous work affects the level of development of children's speech. The relationship between the hemispheres of the brain is necessary for the reason that in the right there are images of various objects and phenomena, and in the left they acquire verbal forms.
Thus, a “bridge” between the hemispheres must exist. But, as you know, "bridges" are different - strong and reliable, or weak, ready to collapse at any time. Nerve impulses prefer strong "bridges". They follow them confidently, quickly and often. And thought works more actively from this, attention is concentrated faster, the child’s abilities move to a qualitatively new level.
From what has been said, it follows that if parents want to discover certain abilities in their child, to teach him to quickly and easily perform any work, to speak correctly and beautifully, it is necessary first of all to develop the fingers and hands of his hands.
The same idea is confirmed by the famous Soviet teacher Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky. He says that the child’s mind is at the tips of his fingers.
When to start working with fingers
It is known that the most favorable period for the formation of children's speech is the age of one and a half to three years. At this time, the foundations of speech behavior are laid. The child is ready to master all the means of the language.
By the three years of the baby's life, the work of the fingers of his hands becomes similar to the movements of an adult. But today’s finger-card gymnastics file cabinet recommends conducting classes from the age of three months.
The essence of these exercises comes down to tactile communication with the baby. Stroking the palms and fingers, pulling up on the fingers of an adult. Such exercises help the development of the world, understanding the presence of oneself in it. In addition, the child receives psycho-emotional support from the adult, which makes the baby more relaxed, he feels protected.
How to play with fingers
Games with the fingers of a child are very diverse. They are selected in accordance with the capabilities of the baby. For example, finger gymnastics in the middle group of kindergarten will differ significantly from that offered to older preschoolers. As children master the exercises, they become more complex and mutate. But the level of adult requirements must take into account the physical and psychomotor development of each child.
At the very beginning of any activity, you need to warm up your fingers: bend them several times and unbend them. For the same purpose, you can use rubber toys that, when pressed, make a sound, which kids really like.
The nursery rhyme, which is an integral part of finger games, is pronounced with maximum expressiveness. All movements are carried out synchronously with the text.
A new exercise for the baby must first be performed at a slow pace. If the child has difficulties with finger movements, the adult does them with him. In addition, one crumb hand can help to perform movements of the other hand. An adult should show all the games to the baby himself.
What should be the measure of help for an adult
Performing voluntary finger movements is a very complex skill that a child under two years old hardly owns. That is why the baby needs the help of an adult when finger exercises are performed. 3 years is the age at which the independence of the child begins to grow. But it turns out that it was at this time that it was not recommended to reduce the amount of assistance to an adult baby.
First, you need to select such games, which provide for the interaction of the hands of a child and an adult. At 2.5-3 years, exercises are performed where the child acts with his fingers on his own. It is at this stage that children most need help. It is necessary to help the child fold his hand correctly, first show the movements on his fingers, and then give the same position to the baby’s hand. It is not necessary to demonstrate to the crumbs his inability or inability, on the contrary, it is necessary to instill confidence that he will succeed over time.
How to choose a time for the game
Finger gymnastics has a huge advantage over other types of developmental activities. In the middle group of kindergarten, with toddlers, you can play with fingers when there is a desire to do this. After all, fingers are always with you.
There is a whole complex of so-called tomb games. They are used at the time of preparing the child for sleep. With these exercises you can relieve excessive activity or stress. At the time of awakening, you can use wake-up games. Active finger exercises are performed throughout the day.
Gymnastics for fingers in early childhood
At the age of three months to three years, it is already possible to begin the implementation of exercises aimed at developing coordination of movements of the baby. The finger gymnastics file cabinet, compiled by teachers of preschool and general educational institutions, contains a description of games that use exercises such as lightly tapping the child's fists against each other, bending both arms at the elbows and alternately stretching them forward. If, during their implementation, the baby shows displeasure, then it is recommended to stop classes.
Stroking fingers and palms, pinching them - movements that form the basis of most games. These exercises can be used at a very young age. The regular holding of games of this kind enhances blood circulation, contributes to the development of the child's intellectual abilities.
Finger games with children 4-5 years old
Finger gymnastics in the middle group consists of using exercises with tingling and stroking fingers. The movements are directed from their base to the tips. All actions with fingers are accompanied by the pronunciation of the words of the nursery rhyme. At the age of 4-5 years, many of the proposed exercises the child will be able to do on their own.
Finger gymnastics in the middle group differs from games held earlier in that you can already try to increase the pace of movements. But it is necessary to do this with each child individually, given its developmental features.
Finger Games in the Senior Group
All exercises used earlier can be applied at this stage of the child’s development. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the movements of the fingers, increasing speed, achieving accuracy.
At the age of 5 - 6 years, children can be offered games in which it is necessary to show imitation of movements of different objects. This develops not only the coordination of the child, but also his imagination, imagination. Some games are best played while sitting, while others are standing.
Finger gymnastics in the preparatory group
Fingering games for children 6-7 years old, as well as for younger babies, are aimed at stimulating the interaction of the cerebral hemispheres, which positively affects the overall development of the child.
Finger gymnastics on topics can sometimes be presented in specialized literature. "Finger animals" is one of them. This topic is the most difficult. It is distinguished by the ability to use hands differently, creating images of any animals with their help. When performing this exercise, poetry and finger exercises are combined. At the same time, the older group and the preparatory school can be acquainted with the work of such children's writers as Valentin Berestov, Sasha Cherny, Daniil Kharms, Mikhail Yasnov. Poems by these authors are most often used for finger animals.
A feature of some games is that they are played with both hands at the same time. They need to be used when the child is prepared to perform exercises of such complexity.