The milk productivity of cattle depends on the characteristics of the animal, the conditions of detention, age and many other factors. But first of all - from the breed and origin. Since the beginning of the last century, a black (motley) breed of cows has been widely spread on the territory of Russia, which today holds a leading position.
Appearance
Among the distinctive characteristics relating to the exterior of these animals, of course, the main one is the suit. The wool is always black and mottled, very pleasant and soft to the touch. Thin skin forms small folds on the body. The back and lower back make a straight straight line.
The elongated body of the animal with a rather voluminous belly is developed in proportion. The udder is cup-shaped with asymmetrical lobes and rear nipples very close to each other. Strong limbs set straight. The cow gains body mass very quickly. Having a birth weight of 35 kg, it weighs 470–550 kg with a height of 140 cm by the age of adulthood. Bulls are much heavier — their weight is from 850 to 900 kg.Breed features
The black-motley breed of cows belongs to the dairy, therefore its meat qualities are quite satisfactory. The question “a lot of milk gives a cow” is the main one in assessing its merits. This breed is considered the most productive in terms of milk, sometimes milk yield reaches 7000 kg per lactation.
Animals are highly adaptable to a wide variety of climatic conditions. They get used to any weather conditions very quickly, easily tolerate cold and heat, have good health and stable immunity, can be in the pasture for a long time and not be afraid of long crossings.
They are unpretentious in food, the main thing is to have a large amount of feed - both green pasture, and haylage and silage. Due to all these features, farmers prefer breeding of this particular breed.Origin
The domestic black-motley breed of cows was bred by breeders in the 30s of the twentieth century. Local cattle from different regions of Russia were crossed with Dutch cows. The work was carried out in 2 stages: first, obtaining various crossbreeds, then improving them.
This breed was officially recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture as an independent only in 1959, after which it became popular not only in our country, but also abroad, the black-and-white breed of cows.
Productivity
. 3,2—3,9 , , . , 6500 . , . 10000—12000 . - . . 50% .
, , , . , .
- . . 650 (7500—8000 3,6%). 1000 . (, .) . , (, ) 2003—2004 .
-
, . , . . : , 4,0%, . 5500 . 2003 - — .
-
, 560 . 4500 5000 , 8000 . . , (, ) .
, , . , , , — . .
- , . , , , , . 1983 . 90% , . , . - , - . , .
Cows have a powerful skeleton, well-developed muscles and well-defined milk forms. The cup-shaped udder has a large capacity. For a day, milk yield can be more than 60 kg, and productivity for lactation - 8000 kg. At a height of 150 cm, the weight of cows can reach 700 kg, bulls - over 1100 kg. When providing animals with quality nutrition, these figures can be even higher. Calves are born weighing 38 to 47 kg.
Representatives of the Holstein breed are very demanding on the conditions of detention, therefore it is necessary to approach this issue extremely responsibly. They do not differ in high stress resistance, but at the same time they are very affectionate and clean. In the summer season, grass is enough to feed the cows on the paddock, but in winter it is necessary to use hay of legumes, soybean meal and corn in the diet.Yaroslavl breed of cows
, . , . - , , . , . , 127 , , 500 . — 6000 , 4,2—5,2%.
, . , , , . , , — , . , , , .
- . . , , , , .