Pedagogical science states that it is the parents and their parenting style that determine how their child grows up. His behavior, attitude to the world and society, his formation as a person mainly depends on the situation in the family. In this case, we will consider one style - this is authoritarian education. How does it affect the formation of the child’s personality and what results it brings.
Definition of the term
Authoritarian education is the concept of pedagogical actions aimed at the complete and unquestioning subordination of the pupil (child, pupil, student) to the teacher (parent, nanny, teacher, etc.). This style has its pros and cons.
The concept comes from the Latin word auctoritas - authority, respect, power or influence. The current originated in the ancient era.
That is, authoritarian education is such a method of influence by which an adult subordinates a child completely to himself. He develops lack of initiative in him, suppresses his independence, and hinders the expression of individuality.
Theory of authoritarian education
By such a style is meant a complete dictatorship. The child is kept under very strict control, so to speak, "in the gauntlets", prohibiting almost anything that can bring him joy.
If you imagine the “carrot and stick” method, then in this style of authoritarian upbringing there is no carrot at all, only a carrot. In fact, the only thing parents take is punishment, which the child is terribly afraid of.
This method has always provoked heated debate among pedagogical workers, dividing scientists into two camps. The first argued that this brings positive results, developing obedience, integrity and organization in the offspring. The second, on the contrary, categorically spoke out against the authoritarian type of education, explaining this by the fact that such children grow up with some mental deviations and completely suppressed will.
So what actually can be highlighted the positive and negative sides of this method?
The advantages of such education
Of course, the first positive outcome of this style will be discipline and responsibility for their actions. Such children grow up obedient. So to speak, the robots that were given the command, and they execute it without any argument.
The second plus is expressed in the fact that such children at a very early age will not seek solutions for any reason, which will not allow a nervous breakdown to occur.
And the third positive influence of authoritarian upbringing is that such a child will feel safe next to his parents, because they know exactly what needs to be done in a particular situation.
Cons Authoritarian Education
The negative sides of this method are that:
- The baby develops complexes - this is low self-esteem, cowardice, inactivity and insecurity.
- The personality of the child practically does not develop. He automatically obeys the orders and advice of parents, even in adulthood. And sometimes he does not notice at all that these actions are contrary to his own desires.
- A huge inferiority complex is developing. The psyche of the child suffers if he is constantly afraid of punishment.
- An important factor is the fact that at a more mature age, he can simply break loose and go all out, making up for everything that was forbidden to him.
Positive result
And now you can consider what the result will be a child who received an authoritarian family education.
In the best case, a person will grow up like this.
- Timid, calm, very obedient.
- Without thinking about the consequences, he will fulfill any wish coming from his parents or those who are older than him.
- He will try to study very well, and may graduate with honors.
- He can become a good employee who always and on time fulfills the task assigned to him.
- From a male point of view, girls raised this way become good wives.
Negative result
However, authoritarian education is far from being only positive results. The negative result will be that a person becomes like this:
- A despot who projects his difficult childhood on those around and near.
- In adulthood, the child will lose respect for parents. In its place will come hatred and their lowered authority.
- A person will become aggressive, cynical and conflicting. All problems will be solved by force.
- It will be practically unrealistic to find work under someone’s bosses and in the team, as he will enter into disputes with everyone.
- All his life he will fight for something, against something and with someone. The main goal will be the fight.
Parent Behavior
In simple words, the behavior of parents can be divided into 2 options:
- I said so, so it will be so.
- I’m a parent, I’m an adult, so I’m right.
That is, parents do not compromise, forcing the child to fulfill their requirements from and to. Their frequent phrases are: “you must”, “you are an idiot”, “you are obliged”, “you are a lazy person, stupid, a fool”, etc.
As a rule, such parents punish the child for each misconduct, most often resorting to physical punishment. Any manifestation of initiative is punishable. Desires and requests are not heard and are completely ignored.
Real examples
The most striking example of a child who received an authoritarian upbringing is Adolf Hitler himself. His father, having resigned from the customs officer, left unflattering reviews about himself, he is described as a very conflicted and arrogant person.
His tyrannical inclinations forced his eldest son, Hitler's brother, to flee the house. Adolf himself graduated with honors from a school in Lambach.
After the flight of his son, Adolf's father began to drill him, which led Hitler to the same thoughts about running away as his brother, but he did not.
However, he directed his fury and wrestling traits to form himself as a leader. Already at school, he was very different from classmates, which can be seen even in photographs. And, as one of them said, Hitler was a calm fanatic.
The tyrannical method of upbringing affected the future fate of the German teenager, who later became one of the brightest world dictators who killed millions of human lives.
Another boy who was brought up in this mode was again a German. It was Hans Muller. Despite the fact that he was the only child in the family, his parents kept him in strict discipline. Any violation of the rules was punishable physically.
The authoritarian upbringing of the child made him completely unsure of himself, uninitiated, conflicted, with low self-esteem and very hostile. The tendencies to violence were clearly manifested.
By order of his parents, Hans joined the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the National Socialist Party. At the age of 25, he was admitted to a special unit responsible for guarding the Dead Head concentration camps.
When the Soviet army liberated Auschwitz, all documentation fell into their hands, which described in detail all the atrocities and horrors that G. Müller did with the prisoners.
Final conclusions
The method of such education can lead to irreversible, detrimental consequences for the child. The violence and pressure that parents exert on their child may forever deprive them of a calm old age. And, unfortunately, there will be no one to give a mug of water.
Therefore, choosing how to raise a child, it is worth maintaining balance and equally often praise and discipline him. The kid should feel the support and love of his parents, then only from him will a successful and kind person be obtained.