What are network topologies? Why are they needed? Where are they used and for what purpose? What types and types of them exist? Is it possible to somehow neutralize the negative aspects of network topologies and strengthen the positive? Here is a short list of questions that will be answered in the framework of this article.
general information
Many people know about network devices. Topologies for the majority are a dark forest. So, let's introduce a small model. We have computers that operate within the same local network. They are connected via communication lines. Depending on how their interaction is built, the following types of network are distinguished:- Roundabout.
- Starry.
- Tire.
- Hierarchical.
- Arbitrary.
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It is used in those cases when a linear mono channel is used for data transfer. Terminators are installed at its ends. Then each computer is connected to a linear mono channel thanks to the T-connector. Data is transmitted on both sides and reflected from terminal terminators. As can be understood from this, the information in this case goes to all available nodes. But here it can be accepted only by that for which it is intended. The data transmission medium in this case is used by all personal computers that are connected to the network. And the signal that comes from one PC is distributed across all devices. This technology has gained popularity by using the Ethernet architecture. What advantages does this network equipment provide (network topology)?First you need to note the ease in setting up and configuring the network. Also, if one node fails, then it will be able to continue its work as a whole. Thanks to this, we can say that networks built according to the bus typology have significant resistance to malfunctions. But there are also disadvantages. First of all, it is necessary to note the restrictions regarding the cable length, as well as the number of workstations. In addition, the break of the linear mono channel negatively affects the performance of the entire network. Because of this, it is often difficult to locate a defect, especially if it is covered by insulation.
Network Topology Star
In this case, twisted pair cable, each workstation is connected to a hub or hub. Thanks to them, a parallel connection of all personal computers is provided. Through a hub or PC hub and communicate with each other. Sent data arrives at all workstations. But only the one for which they were intended can accept them. Regarding the advantages, it should be noted that it is easy to connect a new personal computer to the network. It is also resistant to malfunctions of individual nodes and breaks in the connection. And all this is complemented by the possibility of centralized management. True, there are certain disadvantages. So, there is a significant consumption of cable. In addition, the failure of the hub or hub will negatively affect the operation of the entire network.Using a central hub
This network typology is based on the previous type of network creation. The main role in this case is played by the central hub. It is an intelligent device that provides a serial connection.different stations on the basis of the "exit-entry" principle, that is, thanks to it, each computer is connected to two more workstations. For stable operation, there are primary and backup rings. Due to this, it is possible to maintain the network's operability even in the presence of significant damage. The problem point is simply turned off. For data transmission, a special marker is used. It contains the address of the sender and recipient of the information. It should be noted that, in addition to high reliability, this typology also provides equal access to the network to all workstations. But you have to pay for everything. In this case, this refers to high cable consumption and expensive wiring of communication lines.Wood
This network typology is considered as a combination of several stars. A tree can be in the following states:- Active.
- Passive.
- True.
Depending on the necessary condition, the responsible staff chooses what to use: central computers or hubs (hubs). Each choice has its advantages and disadvantages. In the first case, we can talk about building a more centralized system with better controllability and the like. But the use of hubs or hubs, as a rule, is much more profitable from a resource and financial point of view.
Ring topology
In this case, the connection of communication channels is provided.into one inextricable chain. However, it does not have to resemble a circle. In this case, it is envisaged that the output of one personal computer that is connected to the input of another computer will be used for data transfer. Therefore, when the information begins to move from any one particular point, in the end it will be there, having gone through one circle. Data in such rings always moves in one direction. Only the workstation to which it was addressed can recognize and process the received message. When working with the topology, marker access is used. It provides for the right to use the ring in the prescribed manner. During data transfer, a logical ring is used. Creating and configuring this network is very easy. But due to the fact that damage in one place can disable it,in its pure form, it is almost never used because of its unreliability. To work in practice, various modifications of this typology can be used., . , . . - . . , . , , . () . , , . . - . , , . , , , . , . , , .
Conclusion
So we have considered the main types of network topology. The possibilities of building the relationship between different computers presented in the article are the most popular due to their practicality. But in some cases, more specialized network topologies may be needed. Their development or use of already created technologies is carried out taking into account all the features, nuances and aspects necessary for the correct operation. Usually something similar is used only for scientific and military facilities, while for civilian life more than enough the most common approaches are more than enough. After all, the considered network topologies are the achievements of decades!