Veterinarians quite often use a monovalent and multivalent vaccination regimen. Doctors can make amendments to standard animal disease prevention schemes, taking into account the individual characteristics of their patient.
Polyvalent vaccines were created primarily for the convenience of the animal owner, since such a procedure can be carried out in just one visit to the veterinary clinic. Monovalent drugs are administered over a course of several weeks. This exhausts the animal, makes it aggressive, makes it nervous.
The concept of a multivalent vaccine
The most popular today are universal drugs, which include several components that protect our smaller brothers from plague, adenovirus, parainfluenza, petospirosis, plague and even rabies.
The expression "multivalent vaccine" came to us from Greece. It literally translates as "multiple power." Specialists also call such medicines multivariate, polytype or multi-stamped. Their main difference from other vaccines is that they contain several variants of the causative agents of one disease at once. They are divided according to type into bivalent and trivalent.
Numerous studies conducted by scientists both in our country and abroad have clearly proved that vaccination of domestic animals with polyvalent drugs is much more effective than other methods of preventing terrible diseases. To prove this fact, scientists artificially infected experimental dogs vaccinated with polyvalent drugs. Later it turned out that the immunity in animals became resistant to deadly viruses.
The drug against leptospirosis
The multivalent vaccine VGNKI against leptospirosis is designed for the prophylactic immunization of domestic animals against such a dangerous disease as leptospirosis. Especially often, the drug is used to protect the health of fur-bearing animals and agricultural cattle in farms where the livestock does not undergo screening for leptospirosis. It will also be useful to be vaccinated during a sharp outbreak of this disease.
The vaccine is available in three versions. The first is used to vaccinate pigs, the second is necessary to protect large farm animals such as cows, horses, bulls and others. The third version of the vaccine was created for fur animals.
Biological properties
The multivalent vaccine against leptospirosis stimulates immunity to active protection against this disease in farm animals and other animals living on farms. The use of the drug significantly reduces the likelihood of complications, death, and also re-infection during the occurrence of a strong focus of leptospirosis in the area where the animals are located.
Immunity is ready to actively resist this ailment a week after vaccination. It is worth remembering that vaccination should be done regularly every six months.
Release form and composition of the vaccine
The drug is packaged in small doses in bottles, each of which has 100 milliliters of the drug. They are tightly closed with rubber stoppers and rolled in with metal caps to prevent accidental opening.
Polyvalent vaccine against leptospirosis of animals looks like a clear, colorless liquid with a gray precipitate. When shaken, it quickly turns into a homogeneous mixture, after which it can be used.
The composition of the drug includes the following strains of the virus:
- Seiro.
- Tarassovi.
- Leptospira serogroup Pomona.
- Flu-typhoid.
Method of using the drug
A multivalent vaccine for animals against leptospirosis should be used only when the animal reaches one month. The veterinarian administers the drug once intramuscularly with a disposable syringe.
For prophylactic purposes, to prevent abortion as a result of complications of the disease, a multivalent vaccine for dogs and farm animals is used two months before the alleged mating or in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Before use, the drug must be shaken vigorously until a uniform gray mixture forms. During the vaccination, the doctor must carefully comply with all generally accepted aseptic rules, namely, use only a sterile instrument and treat the injection site with an alcohol antiseptic.
Before use, the vaccine should be stored in closed ampoules in dry, dark rooms at a temperature of two to fifteen degrees Celsius. The shelf life of a multivalent vaccine is not more than a year, after this period a pharmaceutical agent is prohibited to use.
Contraindications
A veterinarian should remember that a multivalent vaccine for animals has a number of limitations. Namely, the drug can not be administered to animals in the last month of pregnancy, as well as in the first week after birth. It is also forbidden to use a multivalent vaccine immediately after deworming. It is best to wait about a week, and only then proceed with the prevention of infection with a deadly virus for animals. At the same time, milk and meat of vaccinated farm animals can be consumed by people without fear and without any restrictions.
Description and characteristics of the vaccine
The multivalent vaccine is made from various cultures of leptospira serogroups:
- Icterohaemorrhagiae.
- Pomona.
- Tarassovi.
Canicola serogroups are also added to the preparation to immunize pigs. To protect against incurable diseases of animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle, the leptospirosis vaccine is made from the leptospira serogroups Sejroe, Pomona, Grippotyphosa and Tarassovi with the addition of an alumina hydrate gel as an adjuvant in a ratio of one to three.
One cubic centimeter of a medicinal product intended for farm animals contains about 25 million different leptospira of each serogroup.
The immune response to the vaccine
The drug causes the rapid formation of an immune response in animals to pathogenic leptospira. The body is fully prepared to resist the deadly virus two to three weeks after subcutaneous administration of the drug. The colostral immunity in unborn piglets and lambs transmitted from vaccinated parents can last up to one to two months, and in calves up to three months.
The vaccine is absolutely harmless to both animals and people who eat meat from vaccinated and then killed animals. She does not have any therapeutic effect.
The Importance of Vaccines for Livestock
The successful development of animal husbandry, as well as the development of healthy offspring in farm animals, is impossible without veterinary intervention. It is necessary to periodically provide preventive activities aimed at vaccinating animals, as well as timely eliminate already sick cattle, including a disease called leptospirosis.
Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonoses. This disease is often recorded by veterinarians in both domestic and various farm animals. In addition, cases of leptospirosis in humans and wildlife have been reported on many continents of our planet.
Vaccine creation
A large contribution to the study of leptospirosis, the fight against it through the creation of a multivalent vaccine was made by many domestic and foreign scientists. Among them, S. I. Tarasov, M. V. Zemskov, S. Ya. Lyubashenko and many others.
They proved that vaccination-based prevention is at the heart of the fight against this disease. Thanks to the multivalent vaccine, the possibility of infection with leptospirosis, including leptospirosis etiology, massive infection with this disease, as well as abortions caused by various complications, is excluded.