The physical development of the child is the basis for mental and mental development, because only a healthy and strong preschooler will easily study at school. Children from an early age should develop harmoniously, but, unfortunately, many parents believe that the main thing is to teach the child to read, count and write, then he will be fully prepared for school.
In connection with such a common misconception, many first-graders quickly get tired in the classroom, begin to get sick more often, become lethargic and passive. Weakness of the back muscles leads to curvature of the spine, headaches may begin, and this will not at all contribute to successful study.
Parents whose children do not attend preschool should be aware that it is the physical development of the child at preschool age that is of paramount importance. Indeed, during this period such useful qualities as working capacity, endurance, muscle strength are formed. In the process of practicing different types of activities, the child acquires the necessary motor skills.
In the article, we consider the features of the physical development of children, what is the main goal of education both at home and in preschool institutions. What is invested in a child at preschool age will help him in future studies at school, as well as adapt to new conditions faster than others.
Physiological characteristics of children of this age
At the age of 4 to 7 years, intense physical development occurs. By older preschool age, body weight more than doubles, compared with the weight of a one-year-old baby. At the age of 5 to 7 years, growth increases sharply. No wonder scientists called this time "the period of the first extension." The growth of skeleton bones is also intensified. By the age of four, all the bones of the skull are fused permanently. The shape of the chest also changes, but the ribs are still raised and the cone remains.
The body structure is still different from an adult, but the muscles are already stronger, the endurance of the body increases, children are less sick, more time can engage in different activities. Muscle mass is actively growing, which, with the correct physical development of the child, holds the spine well. This contributes to proper posture, however, you need to constantly monitor this during sedentary exercises, eating, and the position of the body during sleep, as the configuration of the position of the spine, head, shoulder girdle, and pelvic bones is finally formed by only 14 years.
If parents from an early age pay increased attention to physical development, then the indicators of the cardiovascular and nervous systems of the body will improve. During frequent walks, outdoor games and physical education, the respiratory function of preschoolers will be strengthened.
The relationship of the physical and mental development of children
The activity and mobility of children contributes not only to the knowledge of the world, but also to mental development. After all, any study is associated with movement. From birth, the baby examines objects, touching them with his hands, feels them with his fingers, takes toys in his mouth.
The movements of the eyes, tongue, the movement of objects in space - all this forms the first ideas of the child about the world around him. Information about the movements of the baby enters the brain through nerve fibers, where it is processed. The more developed the child’s movements, the higher the indicators of his mental development. The child perceives the sequence and speed of moving objects, remembers and tries to reproduce familiar operations.
During physical education classes, children undergo intellectual development: children begin to navigate in space, memory develops (you need to remember the types of movements, their sequence, correct execution), thinking and even speech. If the children do not have developed muscles of the oral cavity, then he speaks poorly, does not clearly pronounce sounds.
The tasks of physical education
The physical development of preschool children includes several important tasks. Let's consider them in more detail.
- Compliance with all regimen moments, the alternation of activity and rest, to avoid fatigue.
- Proper nutrition. This is an important component, since the health and physical development of the child needs vitamins and minerals.
- Cleanliness and hygiene of both the room and the child himself.
- Hardening the body using the forces of nature.
- Physical exercises that develop the muscles of the child.
Daily regime
All parents know that in preschool institutions a strict daily regimen is respected. Recall the approximate daily routine.
- 7.00-8.30 - rise, arrival in d / s, quiet games with toys;
- 8.30 - charging;
- 8.40 - 9.00 - hand washing, breakfast;
- 9.00 - 9.20 - the first lesson;
- 9.20 - 9.40 - outdoor game, outdoor activities, visiting the bathroom;
- 9.40 - 10.00 - the second lesson (this can be musical activity or physical education);
- 10.00 - 10.20 - dressing for a walk;
- 10.20 - 11.30 - walk, outdoor games, hiking, excursions;
- 12.00 - 12.30 - lunch;
- 12.40 - 15.20 - daytime sleep, hardening procedures;
- 15.30 - 16.00 - afternoon tea;
- 16.00 - 18.00 - evening walk, departure home.
Depending on the age of the preschooler, classes can be added, and depending on the time of the year or weather conditions, the schedule of walks can be changed. For domestic children, the daily regimen should be similar. The child should change activities during the day, alternate hours of wakefulness and sleep. Go to bed in the evening. Constantly repeating regimen moments stabilize the psyche of the child, develop the rhythmic activity of the whole organism.
"The sun, air and water are our best friends"
Hardening procedures help the body quickly adapt to changes in weather conditions, changes in ambient temperature, the influence of sunlight, etc. During hardening, the body develops immunity to colds, and if a child gets sick, the disease goes much easier. Therefore, the physical development and strengthening the health of the child are important tasks facing parents and employees of preschool institutions.
Basic requirements for hardening of children:
- Procedures should be carried out continuously, but weather conditions and the time of year must be taken into account.
- They begin with small and short-term effects, over time increasing the duration of exposure to the sun or on a walk, lowering the temperature of the water when dousing.
- It is imperative to take into account the condition of the child - both physical and emotional. Only if the child takes the procedures positively can good results be achieved.
- It is necessary to combine these procedures with physical exercises and the correct daily routine.
Proper nutrition of the baby
The correct physical development of the child depends on the rational preparation of the menu. Nutrition provides the normal development of all body systems, preparing the child for schooling. Therefore, the following rules must be observed:
- Nutrition should fully provide the body with the energy necessary for various types of activities.
- Food should be balanced, include both fats and proteins, and carbohydrates, to satisfy the body's needs for vitamins and minerals.
- It is necessary to take into account your child’s preferences, because the child may have allergies to certain products, or he simply does not really like them.
- It is imperative to properly process food products, comply with food preparation technology, control the shelf life of food to avoid poisoning.
- Observe drinking regimen.
Hygiene and Children's Health
The physical education and development of children is closely interconnected with the development of hygiene skills and habits. From an early age, every day at the same time, children wash themselves, brush their teeth, dress, undress, stack things, toys. Frequent repetition allows the child's memory to capture the order of actions, their duration. The nervous system of children is very susceptible and plastic at this age, so it is easy for adults to instill the necessary hygiene skills, which gradually become automatic.
However, if you miss the right moment, the opposite happens. A child who is not accustomed to cleanliness and hygiene from an early age grows up untidy, carelessly treats body and oral hygiene, and this can ultimately lead to pain.
Outdoor activities
As can be seen from the daily routine described above, a preschool child should spend a lot of time outdoors. In the summer, during the holidays, when only one lesson is held, and then on the street, children spend almost the whole day in the fresh air. Of course, you must always take into account the weather conditions and the state of health of the child.
Even if the parents are very busy, it is necessary to allocate time for the daily stay of children in the fresh air. You need to dress the children according to the weather, do not put on extra clothes so that the child does not freeze, and does not sweat.
At the weekend, especially for urban children, it is advisable to get out into the nature - in the park, forest, on the sea coast, where the air is fresh and cleaner.
Physical activities
Every day in the kindergarten morning exercises, gymnastics after sleep are carried out. Athletic classes are held twice a week. Every day, children play a variety of outdoor games, relay races. In addition, the child’s physical development is carried out during trekking, excursions, and sports activities. In the middle of each lesson, which had low mobility, physical education minutes are carried out. These are small workouts that relieve tension from the back muscles.
Exercises are selected in connection with the age characteristics of children, their physical preparation, gradually the complex expands, the number of repetitions increases.
From the text of the article it is clear that the early physical development of the child contributes to the formation of motor skills necessary for subsequent education at school, adapts the body to new conditions. Pay due attention to physical development at home!