Pylorospasm is a pathological condition characterized by stomach cramps that open into the duodenum 12. With this disease, the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract is difficult, which complicates the exit of the contents to the outside. A similar pathological condition is observed mainly in newborns. But its occurrence in adolescence is not excluded.
This is a violation of the gastrointestinal tract, in which there is spasm of the pyloric stomach. Pylorospasm in infants can occur a few days after birth or a couple of months. This is due primarily to the fact that the digestive glands still produce insufficient secretions. In addition, the body of the newborn has few hormones in the gastrointestinal tract.
Symptomatology
With pylorospasm in babies, there is abundant regurgitation and vomiting several days after birth. This reflex can occur immediately after feeding or after 10-15 minutes. In this case, the discharge resembles curdled milk. Their mass exceeds the amount of food consumed by the child.
Sometimes vomiting does not occur, but uneven regurgitation is observed. The child is slowly gaining weight. Perhaps a violation of the stool in the newborn. With frequent regurgitation, urine volume decreases. The general condition of the child is satisfactory. With proper diagnosis, the problem can be dealt with quickly, and the lack of qualified help threatens the development of hypotrophy.
The essence of the disrupted gastrointestinal tract
The reverse direction of food from the stomach to the esophagus is how pylorospasm in infants can be described. The symptoms listed above indicate the presence of a disorder. With generic oxygen deficiency, a baby is likely to have a disorder. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of pylorospasm in children is so important. Pyloric stenosis is a secondary manifestation of a vascular or parasitic disease. It is the result of an untreated illness.
Most often, pylorospasm in infants occurs due to relaxation of the sphincter in the lower esophagus. In children, its final formation occurs in 3 years. At an early age, it is not fully developed, which means that the process of emptying the stomach is delayed. The initial stage of the disease is characterized by a loose state of the esophagus mucosa, its redness and a decrease in sphincter tone. If untreated, a plaque forms on the mucosa. This leads to erosion and wounds. As a result of inaction, pyloric stenosis in a newborn develops .
Causality
Why does pylorospasm occur in infants? There is no exact answer to this question. Scientists claim that cramping occurs due to the incorrect position of the sphincter or pressure on it. In addition, the causes of pylorospasm include:
- Disturbed secretion of the digestive glands.
- Lack of gastrointestinal hormones.
- Pathology of the central nervous system of the baby.
With the correct actions of the mother during regurgitation, pylorospasm may disappear in the baby at the age of three months. To do this, it is enough to keep the child in an upright position. But there are cases when vomiting and regurgitation last for several years. As a result, pylorospasm in children takes on a serious form. Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention in this case are individual. The advanced form of the disorder is not treated medically. In this case, surgical intervention is required.
Why does this occur?
Food from the esophagus enters the stomach, from which it is sent to the duodenum 12 through a small hole called the pyloric department or the pylorus. At this site is a significant layer of muscle. When the muscles contract, the passage between the stomach and intestines closes. If the gatekeeper is not working properly, food does not move well from the stomach to the intestines. And under the influence of pressure, it penetrates outward - vomiting occurs. This process is called pylorospasm.
In newborns, this is due to a violation of the central nervous system and the presence of hypertonicity. In addition, with nicotine, alcoholic or drug exposure to the mother's body, pylorospasm also occurs in infants. Reviews of women indicate that external stimuli also often lead to the occurrence of this disorder. For example, if a baby is scared of something.
How to recognize a disease?
For effective therapy, it is necessary at an early stage to determine the presence of a diagnosis of pylorospasm in infants. Treatment is prescribed only by a doctor. Differential diagnosis is carried out . Its results help distinguish the symptoms of pylorospasm from other disorders. Vomiting and regurgitation in newborns can occur for the following reasons:
- Overfeeding. There is abundant vomiting of liquid milk.
- Increased gas formation. The problem can be detected with x-rays.
- Shortened esophagus.
- Achalasia of the esophagus.
- Stenosis and atresia.
- Fistula.
- Poor gastrointestinal tract.
The results of the examination will help the doctor prescribe an effective course of treatment that will help to establish the work of the gastrointestinal tract. So, if a baby periodically experiences a vomiting reflex, in which curdled milk is liberally excreted, immediate expert consultation and an ultrasound examination of the stomach and esophagus are necessary. Ultrasound findings help identify pylorospasm in infants.
Pylorospasm and stenosis of the stomach: differences
Pyloric contractions and regurgitation of milk indicate pylorospasm in newborns. Symptoms of this disorder are similar to stenosis of the stomach. Pain and discomfort make the child moody and whining. In addition, there is a constant craving for vomiting. With the progression of the disorder, the baby loses weight, weakens. Spitting becomes permanent. The height of the disease is characterized by frequent vomiting, dry skin, and diarrhea. This distinguishes gastric stenosis from ordinary pylorospasm. By the way, the first disease is much more complicated. It has its own distinctive symptoms, often a neglected form of pylorospasm.
Treatment
Each child has individual symptoms. And the treatment of children with a diagnosis of pylorospasm is selected individually. At the initial stage, they try to eliminate the disorder without the use of medications. Experts recommend that mothers give their babies alkaline mineral water after each feeding. A single liquid rate should not exceed 2 teaspoons. Water is a necessary condition after each breast or artificial feeding.
You can not overfeed the baby. It is advisable to use a fractional feeding method in order to avoid profuse regurgitation. After the toddler has eaten, it must be held vertically until burping. With artificial feeding, you need to carefully select the mixture. Ready milk should contain a special thickener.
In the acute form of pylorospasm, the doctor prescribes medications that have the following effects:
- antispasmodic (most often these are various drops);
- sedative or sedative;
- vitamin.
Treatment is carried out under the supervision of medical personnel in the hospital. In special cases, physiotherapy or paraffin therapy is prescribed. If we talk about the course of the disease, then the condition of the baby, subject to all the rules, is often satisfactory. Qualified and timely help guarantees quick healing. In the future, the mother simply needs to monitor the condition of the child in order to prevent the occurrence of pylorospasm again.
Prevention
Prevention of pylorospasm is to combat factors that trigger the onset of the disease. The situation in the family should be calm and friendly. It is necessary to ensure silence in the house, to exclude external stimuli: bright light, loud sounds. In addition, you need to periodically measure the baby's body temperature and apply a fractional feeding technique.
It's important to know!
A special role in the prevention or treatment of pylorospasm in infants is played by the fight against overeating and forced feeding. It is imperative to keep the baby in an upright position after eating, so that excess air comes out. Experts say that often pylorospasm can be confused with pyloric stenosis, which has similar symptoms. But, it is important to know that these are two different diseases. They differ in development mechanisms. And the treatment will also be different. They try to eliminate pylorospasm with the help of medications, and pyloric stenosis - surgically.
Food is better digested by alkaline water. Therefore, it is so important to drink the baby after each feeding. It is important to know that in the absence of proper treatment, the disorder develops into a complex form - pyloric stenosis. It is characterized by a complete lesion of the gastrointestinal tract, which irreversibly leads to surgical intervention. Remember that diseases do not go away on their own. Therefore, do not ignore the symptoms, but seek medical help immediately.