Familiarization of children with fiction in the preparatory group of the kindergarten is carried out by different methods. They use works of both folk art and copyright in any classes, in games, theatrical activities, holidays.
The role of reading in the development of children
Children, who often read fiction, have grammatically correct speech, can express their thoughts beautifully. In addition, acquaintance with the book helps kids learn about the world around them, develops value judgments, develops the ability to distinguish between good and evil, teaches moral values, develops patriotic feelings, love of nature and much more.
Consider an example card index for reading fiction in the preparatory group, as well as how these literary creations influence the formation of the child’s personality and prepare him for further studies at school.
Program objectives
- To develop interest in literary works, a desire to listen to fairy tales and short stories, to learn to express poetry expressively, to learn the continuation of a book that has been started, to look with curiosity at pictures, illustrations for works.
- To introduce a variety of literary forms: proverb, proverb, nursery rhyme, lullaby, riddle, tongue twister, counting, poem, story, fairy tale. To be able to recognize and distinguish them, to understand the meaning of proverbs.
- To acquaint children with the means of expressiveness of works, how you can figuratively describe the subject, person, event. It is important to teach children to understand how it is possible to characterize a literary character with such figurative expressions, epithets and comparisons.
- To teach children to expressively recite poems or retell a fairy tale using the volume and power of the voice, changing the timbre and choosing emotions suitable for the given work, to develop voluntary memory and attention.
- Develop grammatically correct literary language for successful study at school.
- To teach empathy to the heroes of works, to develop a sense of humor.
- To acquaint children with Russian and foreign writers and poets, as well as with famous illustrators, teach them to recognize their images in portraits.
- To acquaint with the history of the people with the help of epics and legends.
Fiction in the GEF preparatory group
The Federal State Educational Standard (GEF) provides an approximate list of literary works that are recommended for children to attend in kindergarten. Of course, not one educator stops there. Teachers are creative people who cannot be placed within the strict framework of censorship. Used, in addition to the main, also a number of additional works.
The card catalog for reading fiction in the preparatory group has the main sections. These are small literary forms - songs, nursery rhymes, for example, "Chigariki-chok-chigarok", "Mother-spring is coming," When the sun rises ... ", etc.
Small poetic forms are used in calendar ritual songs. When you get acquainted with the traditions of folk culture, carols are read and memorized, for example, “Carols, carols, you serve a cake” or “How did carols go ...”, on Shrovetide - “Like on Shrovetide Week ...” or “Tin-tin ... "
Learn to chuckle at the shortcomings of jokes - "Fedul, what lips have pouted?" or "Where the jelly - and sat here." They develop a sense of humor in fables - "Yermoshka is rich" or "You listen, guys."
The card catalog for reading fiction in the preparatory group also provides for acquaintance with the poetic works of Russian poets such as A. Blok, “The Wind Brought from afar,” M. Voloshin, “Autumn,” S. Yesenin, “Porosha,” M. Lermontov, " Wild in the North ", F. Tyutchev," Spring Waters ", etc.
When children are introduced to poetry
The perception of fiction in the preparatory group occurs not only during individual classes. Educators read poems to children in classes to familiarize themselves with the outside world. For example, when studying traffic rules, they read poems about traffic lights and how to cross the road.
In nature-learning classes, riddles about animals, vegetables and fruits are made. For example, when children are introduced to the life of birds, fiction about birds is used. In the preparatory group, you can read V. Zhukovsky “The Lark”, A. Pushkin “The Bird”, V. Orlov “You Fly to Us, Squash”. The seasons will help to study the creations of such authors: I. Surikov, “Winter”, P. Solovyov, “Snowdrop”, F. Tyutchev, “Winter is not without reason angry,” Y. Akim, “April”, P. Voronko, “There is no better native region ", L. Stanchev," Autumn gamma. "
Reading poetry while playing activity
In theatrical productions, such poetic works as: K. Aksakov, "Lizochek", S. Marshak, "Cat's House", L. Levin, "Chest" are often played out.
During role-playing games, you can invite children to sing a lullaby. And on holidays (for example, at Christmas) to go to other groups and cabinets of the kindergarten, having arranged costume caroling with a bag for gifts.
In addition to program works, many poems are children involuntarily memorizing during outdoor games or physical exercises, which are held in their free time or with the aim of relaxing from a static seat in the classroom.
What a holiday without poetry
When preparing for matinees or organizing performances, children also memorize a huge number of poems and songs, both their own and those of others, which, according to the script, are intended for other children.
All this develops memory and interest in poetic works. There are a number of word games used by the teacher in the speech development classes, which enable children to come up with rhymes themselves.
Moral education through fiction
While reading literary works, children get to know different characters, both positive and negative. Listening to the text, the children learn to empathize with the heroes, sympathize with their troubles and troubles, take care of their neighbor, and distinguish between good and bad, good and evil. After reading the work, especially of such moral meaning, the educator must have a conversation, trying to strengthen the children's confidence in the moral principles understood during listening to the literary creation.
The list of fiction for the preparatory group of the kindergarten contains a number of such works.
Consider a few of them.
V. Kataev, "Flower-seven-flower"
This famous work of Valentin Petrovich Kataev, of course, has been familiar to almost everyone since childhood. Based on this work, a cartoon was shot for children. Recall briefly the contents of the tale. Girl Zhenya, at the request of her mother, went to the store for bagels, was distracted along the way, and an unfamiliar dog ate all the bagels. When Zhenya tried to catch up with her, she fell into an unfamiliar place and burst into tears. An old woman who came to meet her gave her a magical flower with 7 petals. If you tear off the petal and pronounce the necessary words, then the desire will immediately be fulfilled. So the girl returned home.
Then she spent all her petals on all nonsense, except the last. Having met a disabled boy in the park, Zhenya devoted the last petal with a wish and dedicated to the recovery of this stranger. After the magical effect of the flower, the boy jumped to his feet and ran with the girl to continue playing.
The work of V. Kataev, "Flower-Semitsvetik" teaches children to understand the importance of human life and health compared to unnecessary moods, such as going to the North Pole, repairing a cup or ordering a whole bunch of toys.
Education responsive tales
No wonder the wise people say: "The tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, a lesson for good fellows." Each piece of recommended literature, including fairy tales, teaches children of wisdom to observe the golden rule of life - as you relate to a person, so he will relate to you.
Take, for example, the fairy tale in the treatment of the famous writer and teacher Konstantin Ushinsky, "Don’t spit in the well - it’s useful to drink water." She is also included in the card index for reading fiction in the preparatory group of the kindergarten.
Responsive stepdaughter Mashenka treated the mouse with porridge, and she helped her deceive the bear. For her kindness, the girl received generous gifts. And the native daughter of the old woman Natasha was not so compassionate, the mouse remained hungry. Accordingly, instead of the award, the angry girl received continuous cuffs from the bear, barely carried away her legs.
The same thread can be traced in many Russian and foreign fairy tales - "Puss in Boots", "Thumbelina" by H. Andersen, "Aioga" and others.
Word games
Often in kindergarten, educators organize literary quizzes. They can come up with a great many. One of the options for the game may be guessing the name of the tale from a read a small passage. It is also recommended to play the game "Learn the character of a fairy tale." The teacher reads a passage or orally describes a literary hero, and the children must correctly name him.
The next version of word games based on the works of fiction is the games “Name the good heroes and their qualities”, “Name the negative heroes why you don't like them”.
You can retell or recognize a fairy tale by algorithms. For example, the teacher gives several keywords in the correct order (these may be pictures), and the children use them to make up a fairy tale. You can even, developing your imagination, come up with fairy tales yourself.
It will help to remember the types of literature the game "Call it, what is it?". The teacher reads an excerpt from a fairy tale, short story or poem, and the children guess the type of literature.
The development of speech and memory of preschoolers
With constant acquaintance with various works, children retain grammatically correct speech in their memory, and memorizing poems and retelling prose - stories and fairy tales - reinforces these skills. Tongue twisters contribute to the development of phonemic hearing, kids speak words better, and this is important, since the children of the preparatory group are graduates of the kindergarten. They need to have the right speech skills to teach reading at school.
Arbitrary and involuntary memory is involved in memorization. When reading works in poetic form, children still remember passages or separate lines of the work.
Fiction for the preparatory group of kindergarten is of great importance in the diverse development of children. After viewing this catalog for reading, parents at home can also engage in the upbringing of the moral qualities of the child with the help of works by famous authors.