Correction of dyslexia in primary school students: exercises. Types of dyslexia and correction methods

In the world there are a large number of childhood diseases. One of these diseases is dyslexia. How to treat this disease? She is being treated in Russia, and is being treated quite successfully. In order not to start this disease, you need to know its initial symptoms, and then already figure out which treatment is suitable for the child. This article will tell parents what correction of dyslexia in primary school students exists, exercises for correction will also be considered. And now, first things first.

Dyslexia: what is it?

It will be useful for young parents to know what this problem is all about. Dyslexia itself is a disease in which the child has difficulty understanding the numbers and letters.

The child is able to distinguish between them, to know, but due to illness there are times when he cannot understand their meaning.

When does the disease manifest?

Answering the question: "Dyslexia, what is it?", - you need to figure out exactly when this disease appears. It is mainly found in children who have just started school. Due to illness, it is more difficult for children to perceive the information that the teacher gives.

It is worth noting that the information that the student listens and perceives by ear is acquired by him many times better than the information that he takes from his textbooks. The child can change the words in the text in places or perceive them as inverted, in addition, he can confuse numbers and letters. In this regard, students have low grades in school, poor performance in general. They are less active compared to their peers.

Symptoms of Dyslexia

Each parent needs to know the main symptoms of dyslexia in order to start treatment at an early stage. Also, these symptoms will help to understand what type of illness the child is having at the moment. So, the symptoms of dyslexia in medicine are as follows:

1. Disorganization.
2. Clumsiness and coordination problems.
3. Difficulties in accepting information and in processing it.
4. Various problems in learning words.
5. Misunderstanding of the information that was read by the child in the text.

These are the main symptoms of the disease. But there are others. They are less noticeable, but you should also pay attention to them.

Other symptoms of dyslexia

1. Despite poor reading skills, the child’s intelligence is well developed.
2. There may be any vision problems with the child.
3. There are difficulties in writing, namely, illegible handwriting.
4. Errors in writing or reading, namely omissions of letters or their rearrangement.
5. Bad memory.

Types of disease

In medicine, there are several varieties of the disease. Doctors know them, but parents need their understanding. So, the types of dyslexia exist as follows:

1. Mnestic dyslexia. A distinctive feature of this type is that a child with this type of disease has difficulty working with letters: he does not understand which of the sounds corresponds to a particular letter.
2. Agrammatic dyslexia. This type is expressed in the change of case endings, the child has difficulty in declensing the word in cases. In addition, he has difficulty changing words by birth. This type of dyslexia is most often found in children with systemic speech underdevelopment.
3. Phonemic dyslexia. This kind of illness is expressed in the mixing of sounds by a child while listening to the words that dictate to him. Basically, they include sounds that differ in one meaningful sign. In addition, the child reads the words by letter, he can also rearrange syllables and letters.
4. Semantic dyslexia. This view is manifested in the fact that the child reads the text absolutely correctly, but his understanding is erroneous. When reading the text, the words are perceived absolutely in an isolated form, then this leads to a loss of connection with other tokens.
5. Optical Dyslexia This last type of dyslexia is expressed in difficult learning, as well as mixing similar graphic letters.

Correction of dyslexia in primary school children, exercises that are carried out with specialists, can help the child and his parents cure a disease of any kind and any complexity.

Dyslexia: correction methods

Any disease must be treated. And to start this process is better as early as possible. As mentioned above, the correction of dyslexia in younger students, exercises aimed at combating it, can help the child cope with this ailment. But this is a rather complicated process. Unfortunately, correction of dyslexia in Moscow is only possible. In other cities, this disease is not treated. The technique for correcting dyslexia can take several forms. Next, we will talk about absolutely all the techniques and exercises that currently exist in medicine.

Davis Method

The dyslexia correction according to the Davis system has gained great popularity in this area of ​​treatment. Invented this method, as you can already understand by name, researcher Ronald Davis. He was very familiar with this disease, because he himself suffered from it in childhood. His technique has several stages, each of which plays an important role in the treatment of dyslexia. Thanks to them, the child gradually develops his thinking, memory and attention.

Many experts and parents managed to appreciate the full positive effect of this method.

Stages of the Davis Method

1. The very first stage is comfort. The child should be in a comfort zone without experiencing any inconvenience.
2. The next stage is work on coordination. This stage helps the child to learn such concepts as right-left, top-bottom. This requires a rubber ball, in the future they will need two. These balls are capable of making pleasant sounds when they touch the child’s hands.
3. Cognition of characters with sculpting. The child is given plasticine, from which, together with the teacher, he must form letters, numbers and various syllables. Thanks to this, the child better assimilates the symbols, because he can touch them with his hands and even smell them.
4. The last and most important step is reading. It is divided into three segments. In the first, the child must learn to look from left to right and recognize groups of letters. In the second, the ability to shift one’s gaze from left to right is fixed. And the third segment includes work on understanding the meaning of one sentence, and then the whole text.

Parents reviews about Davis

Reviews about this technique are mostly positive. Parents note the improvement in children's performance at school, as well as their reading successes. They can perceive 50, and some 60 pages per day. The student begins to write more clearly than before treatment. And the child himself becomes more active. It is easier to pick it up early in the morning at school, although earlier, as many have noted, they managed to do it with great difficulty.

Of course, it is up to you to decide whether to use this technique or not, but the fact that it helps has already been confirmed by many parents whose children, unfortunately, are familiar with this ailment.

Classes and exercises for the correction of dyslexia

In Moscow, there are a huge number of centers that make it possible to attend a lesson with a speech therapist to correct dyslexia. It is these specialists who use the Davis method mentioned above. In addition, a speech therapist can advise parents precisely those exercises that are most suitable for the child. Of course, for these visits you need to pay a sufficient amount of money. The minimum price for one visit is 1500 rubles. In some clinics even more - 2300 rubles.

Of course, you can go the other way - to deal with the child yourself. To do this, there are a large number of different exercises that help to effectively combat dyslexia. To begin with, we will consider the ways that speech therapists use in the fight against dyslexia.

Speech therapist exercises

Each doctor, before starting classes with a child, looks at what kind of dyslexia he has. This is because each species has its own specific methods. Below are exercises that relate to a particular type of dyslexia:

1. Exercises for phonemic dyslexia. Work with this type takes place in two stages. The first is to clarify the articulation. In front of the mirror, a speech therapist shows the child how the tongue should be located, how to open his mouth when pronouncing a specific sound. When this stage is completed and the child understands the mechanics of pronunciation, the second stage begins. Its meaning is to compare various mixed sounds both during pronunciation and when listening. The task assigned to the child is gradually becoming more complicated.
2. Exercises for agrammatic dyslexia. Specialists solve this problem by drawing up with the child first small, and then longer sentences. This helps him learn how to change words by numbers, gender, as well as cases.
3. Exercises for mnestic dyslexia. A speech therapist uses in his work with this type of disease objects that are as similar as possible to a letter. At the same time, the model can make various sounds that will help the child understand which letter is meant.
4. Exercises with optical dyslexia. Here the speech therapist sets the child the task of finding the necessary letter. She can hide in the picture, it needs to be finished or finished. Plasticine modeling, composing letters from counting sticks are also used.
5. Exercises for semantic dyslexia. The task that a speech therapist faces in this situation is to help the child understand what meaning a particular word has. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the student understands the meaning of the text read. Understanding it is due to the pictures or any questions about it.

A large list of species has the disease. Correction of dyslexia in primary school children, exercises are closely related to these types. Indeed, thanks to them, experts know which methods should be used.

Correction of dysgraphia and dyslexia of primary schoolchildren: exercises

So, it's time to talk about exercises that help in the fight against dyslexia. They are effective, and if you deal with the child every day, you can achieve good results:

1. Tongue Twisters. Yes, pronouncing them greatly helps the child. The fact is that tongue twisters themselves are a sequence of words similar in sound. Thanks to this, the child can feel the difference. You can also try reading words in reverse order.
2. Speaking different sounds. Parents must explain to the child that he must first pronounce the consonants, and then the vowels in absolutely any order. Moreover, it is necessary to do this while exhaling. After some time, it is necessary to mix vowels and consonants.
3. Gymnastics for articulation. Various breathing exercises are performed. They are a warm-up before correcting dyslexia.
4. Rubber ball. Here it is necessary to teach the child to read in syllables. The ball is needed so that when the child pronounces the syllable, he squeezes it with all fingers.
5. Exercise "Tug". Its meaning is that one of the parents must read the text with the child. First, the kid and the adult read together aloud, and then each to himself. It is important to remember that parents must adapt to the reading speed of the child, as he may not keep up with the adult.
6. The final exercise is reading the text repeatedly. A passage is given to the child, and within a minute he reads it. When the minute passes, a mark is put on the place where the child stopped. Then, after a short period of time, he should read the same piece again. Parents, in turn, must follow the dynamics of reading, for more or less this time the baby understood. It is important to remember that you need to read the text many times a day, but with interruptions.

These exercises can and should be performed at home every day. There will be no immediate result, but improvements over time will manifest themselves to a large extent.

Total

Correction of dyslexia in primary school students, exercises to combat it are widely practiced in various countries of the world. Unfortunately, in Russia there are few special institutions.

The prices for speech therapist services are relatively low. Therefore, it is possible and necessary to treat a child in Russia. The result will be and it will be fixed forever. Thanks to special exercises, the child’s activity will increase, as well as his school performance will improve. Dyslexia is a disease that can be cured.