Acquaintance with folklore takes place in a little man from early childhood. From the first months of life, the baby hears the mother’s gentle voice, picks up its intonation, learns to distinguish mood. The dearest person in the world sings lullabies to the baby, and through them the baby feels the love and care with which mommy gently addresses him. When he gets older, the child learns by heart funny poems, remembers riddles and counters. All this forms him as a person, helps to develop: there is a training of memory, thinking, imagination, attention and speech.
Children's folklore is an integral part of the life of every little man. Without it, the formation of the child as an individual does not occur; the development of the emotional sphere becomes impossible. After all, when a mother sings a lullaby to her baby, he emotionally responds to it: calms down, feels comfort and satisfaction. Outdoor games develop the physical activity of the child, help him to join the peer team, to become part of it. Riddles contribute to the development of intellectual abilities.
The genres of children's folklore are known to everyone: all kinds of riddles, petals, calls, counters, nursery rhymes ... Their knowledge often becomes a kind of “pass” to the children's team: children often tell each other different horror stories, teasers, and readers. That is why a child who does not attend kindergarten, but is brought up at home, may not know what the children pass on to each other, and in the future it becomes difficult for him to adapt among his peers. Folklore in kindergarten - its own, special reality, necessary for the full growth and development of crumbs.
Lullabies
Lullaby is the first genre of folklore that a child gets to know when he comes to this world. The kid still does not know how to speak, understand the surrounding reality, but through a lullaby he becomes involved in this world. Mother's voice sounds affectionately and gently. She tenderly pats her baby on the head.
Never after will he experience such absolute love towards himself as in early infancy, when he is loved not for any merit, but on his own, simply because he is. That's what children's folklore is capable of. Lullabies songs lull a baby, give a feeling of perfect peace, joy, happiness, calm. The kid grows happy, often smiles, he has rainbow dreams.
Examples of baby lullabies:
Lyuli, Lyuli Lyulenki
Gulenki arrived
Guli sat on the bed
They started to coo
They started to coo
They began to swing Dasha
They began to swing Dasha
Dasha began to fall asleep.
***
Sleep, my son, sleep
Lyuli, Lyushenki, Lyuli ...
Soon the night will pass
Red sun rises.
Freshly sprouted fall
Flowers grow in the field
The spring garden will blossom
The free birdie will sing.
Lyuli, Lyushenki, Lyuli,
You, son, sleep soundly.
***
Bay-by-by-bay,
Yes zayushki jumped,
Lyuli-Lyuli-Lyulyushki,
Yes, ghouls arrived.
They began to walk ghouls,
Yes, my darling began to fall asleep.
Petals
The meaning of the word "pestle" comes from "nurture", "educate." A mother who sings her infant with petals, performs various actions, shows where the baby has a leg, where the pen is, and in fact imperceptibly teaches him to understand the signals of the outside world. Feeling the gentle touch of the mother’s hands, the child simultaneously receives the emotional component of the interaction, both spiritual and informational. The more mother pays attention to the baby, the better for his development, the sooner he will remember that the legs are needed to "stomp along the path", and you can clap your hands with your hands. Examples of children's folklore in the genre of petals can be found in any children's books focused on ages from several months to one and a half to two years.
Nursery rhymes
Nursery rhymes are known as a genre where an elementary game situation is created and some simple activity is played. The purpose of the nursery rhymes is to amuse, to get the child to respond.
For example, when playing with the baby in the "frogs", then the crumbs are required to perform simple actions - claps. In addition, the child must be in a good mood, he laughs merrily. Folklore brings all these joyful emotions. In kindergarten, nursery rhymes can be used as entertaining and cognitive activities, for example, after a day's sleep, when you need to cheer up the kids. Nursery rhymes are intended for children from one and a half to three years.
Examples of children's nursery rhymes:
Comes, there is a cockerel,
Sideways cap,
Red beard
Bone head
He gets up early
And doesn’t let others sleep,
Sitting on the fences
She screams the most.
Cockerel, cockerel,
Golden scallop!
I slept on the straw
I got up early,
I went for a little water
Found a young man,
Well done - good
She gave the boots.
Before he could demolish them,
As others began to ask.
***
Early in the market
I bought a ram bagel:
For lamb, for lambs
TEN poppy rings
NINE DRYERS,
EIGHT Buns
Seven cakes
SIX cheesecakes,
FIVE cakes
FOUR donuts,
THREE CAKES
TWO carriages
And ONE kalach bought -
I have not forgotten about myself!
And for the little wife - sunflowers.
***
Danced turnip with poppy seeds,
And parsley with parsnip,
Garlic Corn
Our Tanya with a Cossack.
But the carrot didn’t want
To dance, to dance
Because I didn’t know how
To dance, to dance.
Kids games
Children's folklore is quite diverse. Many do not know that it can also include outdoor children's games. Round dances, dances, dances are all an integral part of Russian folk art. As a rule, games involve a large concentration of children and are acceptable only in a children's team. Look, watch the kids, how excited they are playing with each other!
Outdoor games often involve all kinds of sports exercises. Children willingly compete with each other in running, long and high jumps, and dances. If you find the right approach to these classes and organize everything well, then children's folklore in the genre of games becomes quite an interesting and useful enterprise.
Teasers and Poddevki
Which child has never heard poems like "Beetroot Greed"? As soon as the baby enters kindergarten, a whole lump of various expressions and teasers falls upon him. Often they are used by children out of place and out of place, only by coincidence. Nevertheless, all this is children's folklore. Teasers They teach social communication, and they should not be prohibited, and even more so - to punish children for this. If you forbid them to use poddevki, children will still come up with something of their own.
Oddly enough, such poems help to feel like a socially significant person. It is much easier for a child to communicate with peers if he knows children's folklore. Teasers play the role of a kind of determinant that allows you to understand how much the kid is in the team, knows how to get along in it and understands the laws of its existence. Thus, even the smallest child, once in unfamiliar groups, will quickly figure out what's what.
Riddles
Russian children's folklore would not be so rich if there were no mysteries among all its diversity. What could be more entertaining and unusual than solving rhyming (and sometimes not so) metaphorical expressions? Children are very fond of unusual and beautiful puzzles dedicated to animals, nature, household items. That's how entertaining children's folklore can be! Riddles are invented by the children themselves, based on their own ideas about life and calling for help a rich imagination. It is worth saying that children very quickly memorize texts of various allegorical descriptions and cleverly insert them if necessary.
Comic riddles are especially popular among children: they are particularly interested in asking such "tricky" questions to each other. Anyone who cannot answer must guess two or three more such statements. This is the most intellectual form of oral folk art, representing children's folklore. Riddles are common on the playground among peers, they are found in classes in kindergarten. First of all, these miniatures develop attention, memory, stimulate the imagination, the ability to think extraordinary, creatively approach the solution of the problem. Examples of children's folklore confirm this. Judge for yourself:
From it they drink milk, tea, juice (mug).
This item helps people agree when they cannot see each other (phone).
This item is needed in order to display beautiful inscriptions on paper (pencil, pen).
The riddle helps to learn new things, learn something. For instance:
She does not know how to speak, but she talks a lot (book).
What is the name of the person who likes to mess around? (lazy person).
Orange and ripe, all the guys in joy (orange).
A cloud is crying, and its tears are watering the earth (rain).
A pear hangs - you can not eat (light bulb, chandelier, lamp).
Protects the house, does not let outsiders (dog).
Like our friend claw-scratches, who is he? (kitten)
Horror stories
Perhaps this is the most interesting topic among both younger students and among adolescents. It is known that children often like to scare their peers with incredible mysterious stories, after which they are scared to fall asleep.
It is very funny and fun. Someone tells a story that makes their hands feel cold and everything inside freezes, while everyone else listens and then, for a long time after the story is completed, “digests” what they hear. Children's folklore, manifested in the form of horror stories, is incredibly popular. The most interesting thing is that children are always happy to listen to such stories, even if they cause fear in them.
Examples of children's horror stories:
1. Forest monster
In one forest, a terrible monster appeared, which everyone was afraid of. Whether a mouse accidentally slips in the forest or a gray hare runs, a huge monster will surely eat it. The big trouble was that no one had ever seen this monster, and if he met nose to nose, he never returned alive. It got to the point that the forest inhabitants were afraid to stick their nose out of their houses - this monster scared them so much. Are you not afraid that the monster will suddenly leave the forest and head to the city? Then you will be in danger! The guys, of course, are cowardly: who wants to fall into the clutches of a forest monster? They do not go out of the house once again, look around on the way to school: what if suddenly a forest monster is stalking after them? They didn’t catch the monster, or maybe it never was?
2. Cat-eater
Once upon a time there lived a cat who loved to feast on people. He was huge, just gigantic, and therefore could swallow a whole elephant, not like a man. People, having heard about this evil animal, began to be afraid to go out late in the evening and at night, as he attacked exclusively at that time. Most often, such cases were observed in the full moon or shortly before its onset. At another time, no one heard anything about the giant cat. His whereabouts were not known. The cat was searched by the police, various daredevils hunted him, but failed to catch the "monster". It was even said that the devil himself turned into a cat to do evil. Can you imagine what it is like to walk the streets and not be sure that you will return home alive today? Mothers began to hide their children, husbands and fathers armed themselves with pitchforks and once went into the woods. They wanted to defend their families, which the cannibal cat intended to destroy. For a long time they tried to find a vile animal, but it was not easy. The thing is that the cannibal cat was extremely cunning and cleverly able to disguise himself: they barely approached him, as he became invisible. The men called him to battle, he hid and pretended that he was not here. He was called a coward and a scoundrel - the cat did not react in any way. But once this happened: an ordinary gray cat with dark markings on his chest somehow got into one of the houses and dragged a piece of fat from the hostess. When he was caught, he suddenly disappeared into the air and disappeared. Perhaps it was a cat-eater ...
Poems
Children's poems have many fans. Such wonderful children's authors as Agnia Barto, Samuel Marshak, Korney Chukovsky, Sergey Mikhalkov are known to everyone. Their works are loved by the whole world and know by heart. Children easily remember funny rhyming lines that cause a smile and a good mood. Memorizing verses trains brain activity, develops memory, thinking, imagination, attention and speech. Small genres of children's folklore are especially loved by children.
Examples of children's poems:
THINK THINK...
This is Vovka, here’s an eccentric!
He sits moody
He repeats to himself like this:
"Think, Vovka, think!"
Climb to the attic
Or rushing, here’s an eccentric
To the far corner of the garden;
He repeats to himself like this:
"Think, think!"
He thinks from doom
His mind is growing up.
And Maroussia, she’s five years old,
Asks Vovka for advice
And say: how many days
Is the mind getting smarter?
***
Mom is sleeping, she’s tired ...
Well, I did not play!
I don’t make a spinning top,
But I sat down and sat.
My toys don't make noise
Quiet in the room is empty.
And on my mother’s pillow
The beam is sneaking golden.
And I said to the ray:
- I want to move too!
I would like a lot:
Read aloud and roll the ball,
I would sing a song
I could laugh
Yes, I don’t want what!
But mom is sleeping, and I am silent.
A beam darted across the wall
And then he slipped towards me.
“Nothing,” he whispered as if, “
We’ll sit in silence! ..
Songs
Children's songs are often heard in kindergarten classes. Various rhythmic movements are performed to the music: dances, games, etc. All this also belongs to the category of “ children's folklore ” .
Songs are performed to a wide variety of music and on a wide variety of themes. The theme of folk art predominates. Children's folklore is especially popular. They learn Russian songs even with three-year-old children, because their lyrics are very easy to remember.
Counters
Counters help children prioritize various games. It is noticed that instead of just agreeing among themselves who follows whom, the children for some reason prefer to reckon. A short poem, endowed with dynamism and of considerable interest, usually acts as a reading room. Maybe this is precisely the approach that allows them to sometimes avoid unnecessary disputes and disagreements, which often lead to quarrels within the children's team. These poems also represent children's folklore. Counters are remarkable in that they help determine the choice of a game in advance and not waste time arguing, which is very important for maintaining the internal microclimate. In addition, these are just amusing works of folklore, easy to remember, funny, kind. Thus, children's folklore is very useful. Counters are the best suited for any games. And just try to start discouraging children from using this wonderful tool! Not only will they all quarrel in five minutes, they will also spoil the mood of everyone who is nearby at the moment.
Examples of children's counters:
Hush, mice, cat on the roof,
and kittens are even taller.
The cat went for milk
and kittens somersault.
The cat came without milk
and the kittens ha ha ha.
***
One, two, three, four, five,
We have learned to count.
Well, then we don’t know
Maybe we’ll count together?
Six - we love to eat sweets,
Seven - we help everyone
Eight - we will not leave friends in trouble.
Nine - study at five,
Ten - finished counting.
***
Horses, horses, horses, horses,
We sat on the balcony.
They drank tea, beaten cups,
They spoke Turkish.
***
Once upon a time
Three loops and two cuffs.
If you count them together,
Three yes two, of course, five!
Just know what the secret is?
The vest has no cuffs!
Thus, children's folklore is of great importance in the context of Russian oral folk art. It is necessary to study this layer of culture, because children are great inventors and masters to come up with funny mysterious stories. With the external similarity of the products of creativity, they all turn out to be unique and inherently inherently.
The children, studying all kinds of puzzles, readers, poems, songs, taking part in outdoor and intellectual games, receive a useful lesson for the future. Children's folklore develops creative thinking, teaches to analyze, reflect, relate with the greatest attention to the sounding word, love and protect nature. Folklorists specifically travel to villages and collect material for their practical research.
Finally, we add that the genres of children's folklore are not limited to the works listed in this article. There are still jokes, sentences, all kinds of chants and shouts. All these areas only emphasize the beauty and diversity of folklore.