😀 👖 🌶️ OS "Linux". What is the Russian "Linux": description, specifications and reviews 🛸 🐘 👩🏿‍💻

There are many different types of operating systems, and one of them is Linux. What is it and where is it used? How is it arranged? What are the differences from the usual for most people "Windows" here? What are Linux distributions ? All these questions will be answered in the framework of the article.

What is Linux

This is an operating system, the relative of which you have a wide selection of software that will be installed. In it, you can choose between several types of desktops and about a dozen shells for the command line. The latter, by the way, is called a terminal and plays a very important role. Due to the orientation to the execution of several programs at once, the operating system is relatively little prone to failures. Due to the fact that no program can start by default without the knowledge of the user, it is very difficult (although possible) to encounter a virus written under Linux. But if they infect computers, it is solely due to the fact that a suspicious application was launched by the user. Some samples of this system can be easily placed and work through optical drives or USB.

Development history

Linux in Russian sounds like Linux, that is, it does not translate. Do you know why so? All because he is named after his pioneering founder Linus Torvalds. He presented his creation to the public in 1994 (although development began back in 1991). Due to the fact that the operating system was open source, and everyone could modify it, he had followers around the world. She begins to become interested in various companies that produce paid distributions. At the same time, developer communities are emerging that volunteerly create and distribute their builds. And for 2016, there are about a dozen popular versions of Linux operating systems. What is the state of affairs telling us? This means that there is intense competition, mutual assistance (no matter how strange it sounds) and diversity.In addition to popular versions, less common ones are also widely used, which are often aimed at performing a certain range of tasks. And now, if you are interested in Russian Linux, know that downloading it is not a problem. And for others there are crackers that will translate at least part of the notation.

Linux and Windows: what are the differences

At first glance, these operating systems do not look much different. But this is not so. There are differences, but to see them, you need to look "deeper." Linux will get the main focus, but so that you can imagine what and how, a comparison will be made with Windows. We will consider:

File system.
Graphical shell.
System configuration.
Scope of application.

And finally, a little attention will be paid to distributions.

File system

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At first, after Windows, it might seem that moving is uncomfortable. But this is only when using the terminal. There are graphical shells with which you can work with the familiar interface. The terminal, by the way, is used either on servers or by very advanced people with good memory. The graphically designed shell is suitable for everyone else, as well as those who simply do not want to remember the exact catalogs of information. The Linux system can appear in a wide variety of ways. Several desktop options can be configured, and already the graphic design for them is calculated in hundreds of variations.

Configuration

For Windows, this information is in the system registry, which is a specific database. It is necessary for the programs launched in the operating system to be correctly configured at boot time and at the beginning of work. In it, if the registry is damaged, then only a full reinstall will help. Although this has an advantage - everything is in one place. But Linux took a different path. In it, each program is the owner of a separate configuration file (and sometimes even several). They can be viewed or edited with an arbitrary text editor. If there are several files, this has its advantages - so if one of them is damaged, only a part of the work will be lost. And in the worst case, you will have to reinstall only a separate program. When the user decides to change the computer used,then he doesn’t have to start all over again. It can simply copy the necessary files between machines (directly or using media). But what if the operating system is damaged? This is an important advantage Linux has. The operating system needs to be reinstalled and you need to complete it. But the file settings after this process will be saved and will not disappear. Although there is one small drawback - each program has its own format for configuration files, and it will be necessary to understand what and how before editing.Linux ". The operating system needs to be reinstalled, and you need to perform it. But the file settings after this process will be saved and will not disappear. Although there is one small drawback - each program has its own configuration file format, and it will be necessary to understand well what like before editing.Linux ". The operating system needs to be reinstalled, and you need to perform it. But the file settings after this process will be saved and will not disappear. Although there is one small drawback - each program has its own configuration file format, and it will be necessary to understand well what like before editing.

Fields of application

We talked about Linux, what isthis and how it differs from the usual Windows system. Now let's pay attention to the areas of its use. Application, alas, she will not find everywhere. So, "Linux" server or home / office workstation - here it is close to ideal. The fact is that for this operating system there are not many ported or created games. There are also separate programs with the launch of Adobe graphic packages and complex engineering programs (such as AutoCAD, MatLAB and the like). But with the help of emulation this problem can be solved in most cases. Not always people need a computer that solves specific problems. Therefore, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with a short list of system features, and if it does what it needs to, you can try it in practice and not be disappointed:

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Already want a Russian Linux? Then you need to say a little about distributions. On the one hand, it is difficult to say that we have different operating systems. But on the other - no one can prove the opposite. You can choose your preferred language and geographic orientation, which will help make Linux more convenient. Russian version, French, Brazilian - the choice is yours. Using the operating system, you can seriously study foreign languages. But let's talk about distributions. Their main differences are the location of the programs in the file system. This is not to say that one distribution is more convenient than another. It all depends on the tasks that confront you. So, you can install one version in which you can only program, and there is weak Internet support (only text components are downloaded).This option is suitable for those who can not concentrate on work and are constantly distracted. There are also those that will allow you to best adjust the power in order to obtain optimal machine performance. A lot of choices, and only you stop at one of them.