Judging by the state of health of a child who has just been born, he is assigned to a certain group of health. This indicator will be decisive in determining the physical activity of children in kindergarten and school.
In order to monitor the health and development of children, carry out:
- In-depth study. During it, the state of the child’s health is assessed during the periods of epicrisis with the subsequent recommendations of specialists for the further full development of the baby.
- Identification in the early stages of various diseases and the healing of the child, the purpose of which is to prevent the formation of a chronic disease.
The pediatrician determines the health group, taking into account all the examinations of specialists.
Several criteria are distinguished in order to assess the health status of a child:
1 criterion - whether abnormalities are observed in early ontogenesis.
2 criterion - development in the physical plane.
3 criterion - neuropsychic development.
4 criterion - the body's resistance to various painful factors.
5th criterion is the state of organs and systems.
6 criterion - whether there are chronic diseases or congenital diseases.
Thus, the definition of a health group is based on the above criteria. So, the child has 2 health groups. What does this mean?
Characteristics of 2 health groups
You need to understand that a health group is nothing more than a child’s health and predisposition to various diseases, as well as the presence of congenital diseases. The 2nd group of health includes children who have minor health problems. They are usually more likely to get sick, for example, acute respiratory infections, may be overweight or the likelihood of allergies.
The 2nd group of health in newborns is most often. Because at present, completely healthy children are not born, even if the mother does not suffer from any diseases. A person’s attitude to a particular health group is established not only in the maternity hospital, but also accompanies him throughout his life.
There are two more subgroups among children who are assigned to group 2
2-A - these are children who have biological, genetic and social factors for the development of diseases, but they are healthy according to other criteria.
Genetic factors are the presence of relatives with various diseases that can be transmitted from generation to generation. For example, diabetes, heart disease, allergies and others.
Biological factors are abnormalities that occurred during pregnancy and childbirth in the mother. This is a quick or vice versa long birth, a cesarean section, a long stay of the fetus without amniotic fluid, placenta pathology, improper location of the fetus and so on.
Social factors include smoking, parental alcoholism, parental work in hazardous work, maternal diseases of a chronic nature, pregnancy too early or too late. The presence of infections that can be sexually transmitted, the threat of premature birth or miscarriage in the mother. Poor nutrition during pregnancy and violation of the general regime.
2-B are children who have morphological and functional changes. Newborns who belong to this subgroup suffered a disease in the first days or hours of life, and after discharge from the hospital they still have some deviations. Such babies often get sick, there are abnormalities of the constitution and other deviations in health.
Upon discharge from the hospital, the risk group is indicated, and judging by it, the pediatrician must draw up a plan of observations, examinations, and preventive measures (hardening, vaccinations). If necessary, medication is prescribed.
Observe children who belong to subgroup 2-B at home for up to three months.
So, what is health group 2, and how can we assign young children and preschool children to it?
A number of deviations are distinguished by which it is possible to judge the state of health of the child:
• Multiple pregnancy.
• Immaturity of the fetus, the fetus is postponed, prematurity.
• Damage to the central nervous system.
• Hypotrophy of the 1st degree.
• Infection in the womb.
• Lightweight at birth.
• Overweight at birth (4 kg or more).
• The initial period of rickets, 1 degree of rickets and its residual effects.
• The presence of anomalies in the constitution.
• Changes that affect the cardiovascular system, changes in blood pressure, heart rate.
• Frequent diseases, including respiratory diseases.
• Low hemoglobin content.
• Disorders of the digestive tract - lack of appetite, abdominal pain, and more.
The 2nd group of health in a child is not an indicator that all deviations should be present on the medical record. Just one or more is enough. The most severe deviation is determined by the health group.
All parents can easily find out which health group their child belongs to. This information is available to every local doctor, and even a nurse will be able to give an explanation. After all, the child’s health group is not a medical secret.
Monitoring child health in institutions
Information about children from 2 gr. health must be at the nursing institution. If the child belongs to this group, then at physical education lessons he is offered a set of exercises specially developed for such children. The loads for them should be lower. But this does not mean at all refusing to play sports. If there is a 2nd group of health in a child, then such children are often prescribed physical therapy classes.
Everything else requires medical supervision of children who belong to this group. Since they have a high risk of developing various pathologies. The main method that allows you to get an assessment of the health status of children is a preventive examination, which is carried out by doctors.
There is also an algorithm for determining health groups in children aged 3 to 17 years. Children examined:
- at 3 years (before entering kindergarten);
- at 5 and a half or 6 years (a year before primary school);
- at 8 years old, when the child graduates from grade 1 of the school;
- at 10, when the child goes to high school;
- at 12 years old;
- at 14-15 years old.
If, as a result of the examination, the child’s health indicators are related to the classes and groups of diseases identified by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, then it is assigned to a specific health group.
Physical education with children 2 health groups
In order for physical education lessons to be effective and without risk to the health of schoolchildren, the latter are assigned to one of three groups (basic, preparatory and special). The division is performed by a pediatrician or therapist at the end of the school year, but the specialist issues a final verdict only after a second examination before the start of the next school year.
If the child has group 2 health in physical education, then he belongs to the preparatory medical group. These are practically healthy children, but having one or another deviation, poorly prepared physically. Students can engage in physical education, but with the condition of gradual assimilation of the necessary motor skills. The dosage of physical activity is observed, contraindicated movements are excluded.
If there is a 2nd group of health in a child, then it is forbidden for him to perform test tasks in the lessons and participate in sporting events. But experts strongly recommend conducting additional physical education classes at home or at school.
The tasks of physical education of students with 2 health groups:
- strengthening and improving health;
- improvement of physical development;
- the development of important motor skills, qualities and abilities;
- improving the body's adaptation to physical activity;
- hardening and increasing the body's resistance to disease;
- the formation of interest in constant physical education, the development of volitional qualities;
- education of a positive attitude towards healthy lifestyle;
- mastering a set of exercises that favorably affect the condition of the child's body, taking into account the existing disease;
- compliance with the correct regime of rest and work, hygiene, good nutrition.
Conclusion
Thus, the 2nd group of health in a child is not a sentence. Do not consider it inferior or terminally ill. The child's belonging to this group means that he needs sensitive care, he needs to constantly monitor his health condition in order to avoid unpleasant consequences.
Children with such a health group lead a normal lifestyle and develop well, they are no different from other babies.