Pedagogical abilities are a set of certain psychological characteristics that are an indispensable condition for a teacher to achieve success in raising and educating children.
It is known that among the traits and character traits that are components of a particular special trait or ability, some qualities play a leading role, while others are auxiliary. If we talk about the abilities for pedagogy, the main ones here are communicative personality traits, and, above all, those that belong to the field of perception, for example, observation. Such properties contribute to an adequate understanding of the psychology of students, its moral state in each particular case, the correct assessment of the whole team (class) as a whole and the situation at the moment. Communicative properties include understanding of the psychological state of students and the ability to empathize with them - empathy. A prerequisite for the presence of such a trait is love and respect for children in general.
Teacher’s pedagogical abilities imply the presence of a highly developed expressed need for social interaction, which is manifested in the desire to teach, transfer knowledge, communicate with children, in an effort to rationally and usefully organize class activities, diversify their life. To successfully fulfill this need, the teacher must be pedagogically considerate.
However, auxiliary features and personality traits are also important, which are also considered part of pedagogical abilities. First of all, these are certain properties of intelligence: criticality, wit, consistency, and others. Oratory must also be present - mastery of speech, a good vocabulary will always give the teacher an advantage in the lesson and in organizing children's leisure. Successful pedagogical activity is made by artistry - the ability to fantasize, if necessary, a vivid imagination.
Pedagogical abilities are not only the key to the effective activity of the teacher, but also the result of his constant work on himself. These properties are manifested, formed and improved among many other psychological properties, actions and relations of the teacher. Special studies were carried out, which, together with experience, prove that independent purposeful formation and development of pedagogical features in oneself is quite possible. For example, observation is a trait that becomes more perfect with the accumulation of pedagogical experience and as a result of the efforts of the teacher. You can learn not only to notice the character traits of students, but also to see the reasons for their origin, to feel how this or that trait is manifested or can manifest itself in the current situation.
It is even easier to develop the ability to speak beautifully and interestingly, fantasy and artistry.
Diagnostics of pedagogical abilities is considered a tool that provides an opportunity to objectively identify and characterize personality traits. This process is recognized as the basis of the teacher. Pedagogical abilities are revealed through multidimensional, multifactorial and socially-oriented tests.
Thus, success and achievements in the difficult task of teaching and educating schoolchildren depends on the teacher having a high cultural level and moral qualities, deep knowledge and skills. However, even this is usually not enough. It is necessary to have certain specific personality traits in the emotional-volitional and mental spheres. These are pedagogical abilities that meet the serious requirements of pedagogical activity.