Almost all modern operating systems are recoverable systems. That is, the "OS" can be returned to a state that preceded any particular moment (failures, errors, etc.). As an example, consider the recovery (rollback) processes used in Windows.
Windows Recovery Systems: Processes Used
First, a little theory. As already understood, the systems being restored are therefore named because they have in their arsenal the tools to return to their original state. The principle of their work is quite simple. The system reserves a certain place on the hard disk, where special backup copies are saved in the form of an image of the system with files critical for its operation.
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In conclusion, it remains to add that the Windows rollback tool used in each particular case should be selected solely taking into account the current situation. With minor damage, both Safe Mode and loading of the last working configuration work. If crashes and errors occur all the time, and the system does not boot at all, you cannot do without removable media and a command console. In many cases, you can bring the system to life only with its help.