The happiness of being a parent is incomparable. To be near your baby from the first seconds of his life, to see his first uncertain and cautious steps, to hear silly and funny words ...
But what about those whom nature has deprived of this happiness - to be a mom or dad? Do not despair. In such a situation, there still remains a chance to become a happy parent - to adopt a child. A single woman or man, or even entire families that do not have their own children, will thus be able not only to help themselves, but also to give a happy childhood to a child who is unlucky in life.
What is adoption
In the Russian Federation to adopt a child - this means taking him to his family, under his roof. To give him, in addition to his surname, also affection, and love, and care.
When adopting between a child and new parents, the same rights and obligations arise as in ordinary families with consanguinity. But whether there will be the same love and affection, it is up to you.
So, how to adopt a child from the hospital or from the orphanage? What needs to be done and where to go? This is a fairly lengthy procedure, and it consists of several mandatory steps.
Stage One: Becoming Adoptors
First, you need to ask the guardianship authority in the place where you live. Only there you can get permission to adopt a child. Documents to be submitted:
a) a statement of the established form;
b) a statement of income or a document from the place of permanent employment, which indicates the position that you occupy, and salary;
c) a certificate of ownership of immovable property (housing) or an extract made from the
house book ;
d) a copy of your financial account;
e) a medical certificate of an established form, which is issued in a clinic at the place of residence to citizens who wish to become adoptive parents;
f) a certificate confirming that you have no criminal record;
g) autobiography;
h) marriage certificate (copy) for citizens who are in it.
All of the above documents must be issued a maximum of 1 year ago. In addition to the medical certificate, which is valid for 3 months. When submitting documents, it is necessary to present a passport (birth certificate or other identification card).
What is needed to adopt a child, besides filing the above documents? Good living conditions. After all, employees of the guardianship authority will visit you to check how you live. And they will conclude whether you are able to provide the unborn child with a normal existence.
Then, within 15 days (of workers) from the day the application was submitted, the guardianship authority must draw up a conclusion on whether you can become adoptive parents. In the case of a positive result, you will be issued a relevant document, which is valid for one year, and put on record citizens who are adoptive parents. In case of refusal, you will also be sent a corresponding opinion and within five days all documents will be returned.
Stage Two: Choosing a Child
In the event that you received a positive answer and became registered, the guardianship authority will tell you how to adopt a child from the hospital or from the orphanage. After that, you will be given all the information about the children who are allowed to adopt. You have the right to receive detailed and reliable information about the child, including information about whether he has any relatives. If you wish, you can contact any medical institution to conduct an examination of the child.
Then the guardianship authorities will issue a referral to visit the child of your choice at the place of residence. This document is valid for ten days and applies to only one child. If, for valid reasons, the deadline has been missed, it can be extended only by appropriate application.
After receiving a referral, you can safely go to a meeting with the child to get to know him, chat, study his documents and a medical report about his health. The latter must be done under the painting.
Then you must notify the guardianship authority in writing about how you visited the child and what decision was made on his account. It is also necessary to do this in a ten-day period, while the issued direction is valid.
If for some reason you decide to refuse to accept the proposed child into your family, you have the right to receive another referral to visit another applicant.
How to get information from data banks
All orphans, the adoption of which is permitted in accordance with the law, are listed in regional and federal data banks. To obtain relevant information, you must submit the following documents:
a) a copy of your passport, birth certificate or other document that certifies your identity;
b) the conclusion issued by the guardianship authority that you can be an adoptive parent;
c) a request for information and the selection of a child that meets your wishes;
d) profile.
An application with documents attached to it shall be considered in a ten-day period. The guardianship authority is obliged once a month to send new profiles of children that match your wishes. Fifteen days are given for their study.
Stage Three: Court Approval
Officially and legally adopt a baby or an older child in our country is possible only through the courts. The basis for the start of the trial is an application for adoption. It is filed with the court at the place of residence of the adopted child.
The application must be duly executed, and the following documents are attached to it:
a) if you are not married - a birth certificate (copy), if you are - a marriage certificate (copy);
b) a certificate issued by a medical institution on the state of health;
c) income statement;
d) certificate of ownership of immovable property (housing) or an extract made from the house book;
e) a document confirming that you are registered as an adoptive parent.
All of the above documents must be submitted to the court in duplicate. The meeting on this issue is closed and held in the presence of the prosecutor, an employee of the guardianship authority and a child who is already fourteen years old. Your appearance in court is required. From the moment the court decision comes into force, within 3 days a copy of this decision will be sent to the registry office for registration of adoption at the state level.
Stage Four: We Make Adoption
The last thing you need to adopt a child is to legally formalize everything. This is done by the registry office. In order to register the adoption, you need to write a statement or apply orally. To do this, you need to present your passport and a positive court decision. If within a month you do not do it yourself, then the registration of the adoption will be carried out by the registry office on the basis of a court document.
A new birth certificate is issued at the registry office, where your names will already appear in the columns "mother" and "father". However, if the child has property relations with biological parents, no changes will be made to the record of his birth.
Now you have the right to personally pick up your child. But do not forget, within 10 days from the date the court made a positive decision, to notify the guardianship authority of which you are a member.
How to adopt a child from the hospital
It is much more difficult to take a baby from the hospital than from shelters or baby houses. The fact is that there are much more couples who want to adopt a newborn child in our country than those who are ready to accept older children in their family.
The guardianship authorities, as well as the courts, are especially attentive to such adoptive parents.
So, the main requirement for this procedure is the age difference between the future parent and the child is at least 16 years old.
A statement of desire to become an adoptive parent must be notarized.
In addition to meeting all of the above requirements, you must undergo a complete medical examination for the presence of mental disorders, skin and sexually transmitted diseases, oncology and nervous system disorders.
Who can not be an adoptive parent
1) persons recognized by court to be legally incompetent or incompetent;
2) spouses, if one of them is legally incompetent or of limited legal capacity;
3) persons deprived of parental rights by a court;
4) persons who, due to their health, are not able to fulfill parental duties;
5) former adoptive parents, if the adoption was previously canceled by the court through their fault;
6) citizens suspended from guardianship in a judicial proceeding;
7) unemployed or poor citizens who are not able to provide a living wage for an adopted child;
8) persons previously convicted of serious crimes;
9) persons without a fixed place of residence;
10) citizens who live in premises that do not comply with technical and sanitary standards.
Money issue
The size of payments depends on many factors: where you live, whether you work, how old the adopted child is, etc.
The lump sum that is paid upon adoption of a child is 8,000 rubles. This is a general federal allowance. There are also separate lump-sum payments in the Moscow region: for each child - 20,000 rubles. If you adopt another baby under the age of six months, you will receive a benefit of 5,000. For the third - 15,000. For each subsequent - 20,000 rubles.
If you do not work and adopt a child up to three months, you also receive benefits. These are payments in the amount of the average monthly wage calculated over the last 12 months worked.
Mystery of adoption
Many try to adopt a child up to a year, because they think that in this way it is easier to hide this "terrible" secret. Others, on the contrary, do not believe that there is something shameful in this, and from childhood they reveal the whole truth to the adopted baby.
Under Russian law, all those who are aware of the adoption procedure (employees of the guardianship authorities, the registry office, the judge who made the decision, and others) are required to keep this secret. For her disclosure comes responsibility: from a fine of 80,000 rubles to an arrest of four months.
However, anyone over the age of 18 is entitled to receive all the information about his adoption, as well as about the true parents, in the court archive.