Raising a child is not such an easy task as it might seem at first glance. There are various types and styles of family education. How to understand them? What methods of family education to choose? We will look for answers together.
Family education and family pedagogy, depending on how parents perceive and control the child on an emotional level, distinguish the following styles of influence:
- authoritative,
- authoritarian,
- liberal,
- indifferent.
Authoritative and authoritarian styles
With authoritative upbringing, mother and father are emotionally warm towards children, but control over them is quite high. Parents recognize and strongly encourage the independence of the child. This style is characterized by a willingness to review requirements and rules for him as the baby grows up.
An authoritarian style is expressed by a low level of emotional perception of children and a high level of control. The communication of such parents with the child is more reminiscent of dictatorship, when all requests are made in the form of orders, and the requirements, prohibitions and rules do not change under any pretext.
Liberal and indifferent styles
In a family where children are warmly received emotionally, and control over them is low (up to forgiveness and permissiveness), a liberal style of upbringing reigns. There are practically no requirements and rules, and the level of leadership leaves much to be desired.
With an indifferent style, parents take very little part in the upbringing, the child is perceived emotionally cold, his needs and interests are simply ignored. Virtually no control on the part of the father and mother.
Of course, each of the described exposure styles is reflected in the child in a certain way. But the dominant role in the formation of personality is played by the types of family education. We will consider them in more detail.
Harmonious type
Types of family education of the child are divided into harmonious and disharmonious. The first implies:
- mutual emotional support;
- maximum satisfaction of the needs of all family members, both adults and children;
- recognition of the fact that the child is a person, and he can choose his own path of development;
- encouraging children's autonomy.
In addition, in difficult situations, mutual respect is shown and equal rights of parents and the child in decision-making are applied. The system of requirements for the child here is always justified by his age and personality. Parental control is systematic, gradually a small family member gets used to self-control. Encouragements and punishments are always deserved and reasonable. Parents have constancy and non-contradiction in matters of upbringing, but at the same time, everyone has the right to their own view of the situation. Mother or father can make changes to the education system according to the age of the children.
Disharmonious types of family education
They are very diverse, but there are common signs that, to varying degrees, correspond to each family in this category. First of all, disharmonious types of family upbringing and family relations are characterized by a low emotional level of adoption of the child and even the possibility of emotional rejection. Of course, reciprocity is absent in this respect. Parents are practically divided and do not have a unanimous opinion on issues of education. In relationships with children, they are often inconsistent and contradictory.
Disharmonious types of family education are characterized by the fact that in different spheres of life, parents restrict their child, often unjustifiably. In terms of requirements, there can be two polar positions: either they are overestimated or practically absent. In the latter case, permissiveness reigns. Parental control is not where it is needed, and it is not enough. Punishments are undeserved and too frequent or, conversely, they are absent.
The disharmonious types of family upbringing of a child are distinguished by the fact that in everyday communication with a daughter or son there is an increased conflict. The needs of children are met either insufficiently or excessively. The most common types are:
- hypoprotection,
- hyperprotection
- controversial education
- education on the type of increased moral responsibility,
- hypersocializing education
- child abuse
- cult of the disease.
Let us consider in more detail these types of family education and parent-child relationships.
Hypoprotection and hyperprotection
These are two polar options when care, attention, control, interest in the child and his needs are either insufficient (hypoprotection) or too much (hyperprotection).
Inconsistent type
It suggests that parents have different views on education, which they bring to life. The impact on the child periodically changes depending on his age, but educational strategies are mutually exclusive and incompatible.
Increased moral responsibility
High demands are placed on children, often not appropriate for age and personality.
Hypersocializing education
In this case, the successes, achievements of the child, the attitude of peers to him, the principle of duty, responsibility, duties are put in the first place. All this is done without taking into account the individual qualities and age of the children.
Cruel treatment
With this type of education, punishment is harder than misconduct, and there is no encouragement.
Cult of the disease
The child is treated as weak, sick, helpless, creating a special atmosphere around him. This leads to the development of selfishness and a sense of exclusivity.
In addition to styles and types, there are methods of family education. They will be discussed below.
Methods of exposure to children
Types of family upbringing and family relations suggest the following modes of influence: love, trust, personal example, showing, discussion, empathy, assignment, control, exaltation, humor, praise or encouragement, punishment, traditions, sympathy.
Parents raise their children not only with words and persuasion, but, first of all, by personal example. Therefore, it is important to properly organize family life, personal and social behavior of mother and father. Mom and Dad will not have a positive effect on the child if they themselves do not strive to become better. Methods of family education work only when parents are engaged in self-education.
Impact on young children
Family education of preschool children must be organized so that the requirements for the child are agreed between the parents. This will help children to behave correctly, teach them how to manage their emotions and actions. It is necessary to talk about the requirements of the child in the form of a wish, request or advice, since the tone of command will cause a negative reaction.
In any team, traditions are a reflection of the nature of communication and the level of education. The same goes for family. The evolving customs and traditions have a beneficial effect on children. In addition, it brings parents and children together. In preparation for the holidays, kids join the everyday side of life. They help to clean and decorate the house, take part in cooking and table setting, prepare gifts and postcards for relatives.
The main components of the family
Family education of preschoolers is not much different from the education of children of other ages. A family in which harmony reigns is protection, a support for the child, thanks to this there is confidence and a sense of need in this world, which gives rise to spiritual comfort. The emotional compatibility of all members creates the right tone in communication, for example, this manifests itself when a joke of a mother or father is able to prevent an emerging conflict, to defuse tension. Hence the beginning and development of a child’s sense of humor, which will allow him to be self-critical, to be able to laugh at himself and his behavior, to gain stamina in life situations, and not to be touchy and tearful.
The best relationship model
Family education and family pedagogy are aimed at creating the conditions under which the child develops a model of relationships. According to it, he will build his whole life further, will create a family, raise children and grandchildren. What should be this model? Family education takes place in an atmosphere of goodwill, warmth, happiness and love, and the characteristics of children are always taken into account. Parents seek to develop the abilities and the best qualities of the child, accepting him for who he is. The requirements for children are based on mutual respect. Parenting is based on the positive qualities of the child, and not on the negative. Otherwise, the baby will acquire a bunch of complexes.
Finally
Thus, when thinking about the correctness of raising a child, first look at yourself from the outside. After all, children copy their parents. Strive to become better, and the child will also begin to change. Harmony to your family!