Each pediatrician has a list of mandatory vaccinations, which describes in detail what vaccination and when to give the child. If parents do not have the opportunity to contact a pediatrician, then it is worth studying this important information on their own. The vaccination calendar, which is valid today, was approved by order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 229 dated 06/27/2001. Local pediatricians, when prescribing the next vaccination, rely on him.
Vaccination schedule
In order to create immunity from certain diseases, it is necessary to put down a course of preventive vaccinations, which include 2-3 injections and further revaccination:
- The very first vaccination is given to the newborn 12 hours after its birth, this will protect the baby hepatitis B.
- On day 3-7, the child is vaccinated against tuberculosis with BCG vaccine.
- Revaccination for hepatitis B through is prescribed 30 days after the birth of the baby.
- At three months, vaccination is carried out against: pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus (one vaccine), polio.
- At 4.5 months, repeat the previous vaccination.
- At 6 months, they do the same again and add another hepatitis B vaccine.
- In a year old, the child must be vaccinated against: measles, rubella and mumps (mumps). Everything is done in one shot.
- In 1.5 years, revaccination against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus and polio is done.
- At 20 months, another booster shot. It will also serve as protection against polio.
- Then parents can forget about vaccinations up to 6 years. At this age, the child is given a measles, rubella and mumps vaccine.
What vaccinations are given to a child at age 7?
- First of all, it is BCG revaccination.
- An ADSM vaccine is also given to children aged 7.
Vaccination of schoolchildren and adults
Vaccinations after 7 years also continue to be given. Repeat the procedure every 5-10 years, the frequency depends on the type of vaccine. For example, at the age of thirteen, vaccinations are made according to the individual calendar.
If vaccines that protect the body from hepatitis B have not been delivered, then they will need to be done. And also at 13 years old girls are vaccinated against rubella.
At the age of 14, another revaccination is carried out against diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis and polio.
Then every ten years it is necessary to undergo these procedures throughout life.
What vaccinate children?
In our country, vaccines are given both domestic and imported. But only those that have passed the test are registered, are allowed to use. For example, the DTP vaccine is a domestic vaccine, while the Pentaxim and Infanrix vaccines are its imported counterparts.
What vaccinations need to be delivered to school
At the age of seven, the child is usually sent to school. Therefore, vaccinations at 7 years of age are strongly recommended. The beginning of school life is a difficult stage for the baby, at this moment he especially needs both psychological and physiological support.
The educational process creates a huge burden on the still unripe child psyche and on the growing child’s body. Going to school can negatively affect the well-being of a child who needs time to adapt. In addition to all this, the school is a source of various kinds of diseases, since a large number of very different children from different families go to it. Therefore, an unvaccinated child runs the risk of catching an infection every day.
In the classroom, school cafeteria, school restrooms, infections can be transmitted quickly. You should especially beware of influenza, measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella. It is in places of mass congestion of children that it is easiest to catch these types of infections.
In order to prevent infection with these diseases, it is necessary to get vaccinated on time, observing the established deadlines.
What should be vaccinations in 7 years? The doctor should familiarize you with this information. But, according to our calendar of preventive vaccinations, at the age of 7 years, the child should already have the following vaccinations:
- Inoculations should be made for whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus at the age of three, four and a half, six, eighteen months (according to indications, the doctor can move the terms),
- Five polio vaccines must be given at three, four and a half, six, eighteen and twenty months;
- There should be one vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps and three against hepatitis B.
At the age of six months, you can get the first time a flu shot. Further revaccination can be carried out annually.
Vaccinations before school
What vaccine is given at 7 years old?
At six to seven years, it is necessary to revaccinate from the following diseases:
- from measles, rubella, mumps;
- from diphtheria, tetanus.
If parents want to have more vaccinations in order to protect their child from infections as much as possible, they need to consult a pediatrician. Your doctor may suggest vaccination against chickenpox, pneumococcal infection, influenza, and hepatitis A.
Also, in those regions where there is a high risk in the warm season of the year to encounter a tick bite infected with viral encephalitis, it is strongly recommended that children be vaccinated against it even before the onset of spring.
ADSM in front of the school
ADSM vaccination for children at 7 years of age is prescribed in accordance with the National vaccination calendar to protect against tetanus and diphtheria.
The name can be decrypted as follows:
- A is adsorbed;
- D - diphtheria;
- C - tetanus;
- M - a small dose of diphtheria component.
This vaccine is well tolerated by children. Also, its plus is that all the components enter the body after one injection.
DTP vaccination at 7 years of age is usually not given, because it is replaced by ADSM.
What are the differences between DTP and ADSM vaccines?
Some children experience severe complications after the administration of the DTP vaccine, so they are subsequently given an analogue that does not contain a pertussis component. Moreover, the DTP vaccine at the age of 7 is often no longer given; instead, an analogue is given - ADSM.
In these vaccines, the viral components are not distributed equally. DTP includes 30 units of diphtheria and 10 tetanus and 10 pertussis components, and 5 units in all components of ADSM.
After each injection of the vaccine, the district pediatrician must enter the child’s reaction to the medical record. If the baby suffered a vaccination hard, then in the future he will only use the drug ADSM. The response of children of 7 years to vaccination is usually good. Even babies can tolerate this vaccine much more easily.
At 7 years old, they are vaccinated with R2 ADSM (R2 is a booster shot). After this, the next pose only at the age of 14-16 years (R3 ADSM).
Then revaccination is carried out every 10 years, starting from 24-26 years and so on. There is no extreme border when people should be revaccinated. Elderly people with a weak immune system are advised to undergo this preventive measure every 10 years, as well as children.
Vaccine response and side effects
Vaccination reactions are quite common. Almost 30% of the guys show all kinds of side effects.
Specifically, DTP vaccination often gives complications after the third and fourth vaccinations. It is important to be able to distinguish between complication and common side effects. The latter quickly pass, and complications leave a mark on health.
Any vaccine can cause a very different reaction of the body. Manifestations are local and systemic.
Local symptoms include:
- redness;
- swelling of the injection site;
- compaction;
- pain at the injection site;
- violation of mobility of the limb, the child is painful to step on the foot and touch it.
Common symptoms:
- temperature rises slightly;
- the child becomes restless, moody and irritable;
- the baby sleeps a lot;
- gastrointestinal upset;
- disturbed appetite.
Side effects after administration of the drug appear on the first day. All these conditions are considered the norm, as the body develops protection against infectious agents.
In such cases, doctors prescribe painkillers and antihistamines before the vaccine is administered, but these measures do not always help relieve pain and prevent the body's reaction.
If more serious side effects have appeared or something is bothering you in the child’s behavior, you should immediately call a doctor at home or call him and report your suspicions.
Reactions in children manifest themselves in different ways. For example, a reaction to a vaccination at 7 years old, whatever it may be, will depend on the health of the child. But you should definitely call a doctor if the following symptoms appear:
- The baby cries for more than three hours in a row.
- Temperature is above 39 degrees.
- At the injection site, there is a large swelling, more than 8 centimeters.
All this relates to pathological conditions, the child must be urgently taken to the hospital for hospitalization.
BCG in front of the school
BCG is a vaccine against tuberculosis. BCG vaccination at 7 years of age is repeated, that is, revaccination is carried out. This procedure carries a preventive essence. It cannot protect a person from illness, but it can protect other people without spreading the infection. The first vaccine is given almost immediately after birth, even in the hospital.
The vaccine consists of both live and dead microbacteria of tuberculosis cattle. These bacteria cannot infect humans. Vaccination is done in order to cause a reaction of the body, which develops protective immunity against tuberculosis.
It is placed in the shoulder, under the skin. It happens that the place where the vaccine was administered is festering. And almost every person in this place remains a scar, which makes it clear that the vaccination was carried out.
Mantoux test
The first vaccination is carried out without the so-called “buttons”, and already at the age of 7 years before the BCG vaccination they do a Mantoux test. This is necessary in order to understand whether it makes sense to vaccinate. After all, if the child has already suffered an infection caused by Koch’s wand, then vaccinating the child does not make sense. The Mantoux test makes it clear whether revaccination is necessary.
The procedure must be performed every year. If the reaction to the test is positive, then it is not a fact that the child will receive treatment. Often, your own immunity itself can protect the body and prevent the development of the disease. In severe form, the disease proceeds only under the condition that the child does not have the necessary medical supervision, and then only in 10% of cases.
Additional vaccination
Chickenpox
Chickenpox is a highly contagious infection that is easily transmitted. For many, the disease is severe, causing serious complications. Chickenpox often leads to quarantine in educational institutions.
People carry chickenpox vaccines very easily, without consequences. One vaccine develops immunity to this disease for about 10 years.
Vaccination against chickenpox is prohibited for people who have any acute illness at the time of vaccination. It is necessary to wait for a stable remission or complete recovery.
Pneumococcal infection
This infection is quite severe. It usually appears in children under two years of age. It manifests itself in the form of pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis. Vaccination is carried out in two years once. But they also vaccinate at three, four and a half, six and eighteen months. Also, this vaccine is recommended for children and adults who are often sick with pneumonia, otitis media, bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, and SARS.
Diseases caused by pneumococcal infection are dangerous for any person. But especially for young children under three years of age. Usually at this time the baby is no longer breast-fed, that is, the child does not have additional immunity, and her own has not yet fully formed. In children under three years of age, the disease can be very severe and cause complications.
A child can catch the infection even at the hospital, or at a party, or even in groups for preschool development. By the way, elderly people are also considered to be at particular risk for this infection.
Flu
A flu shot, like any other, of course, has a number of contraindications and side effects. They will vary depending on the type of vaccine (live or inactivated).
A flu shot is strictly contraindicated if:
- a person has a tendency to allergies;
- there is bronchial asthma;
- there are chronic respiratory diseases;
- diagnosed with anemia;
- the patient suffers from heart failure;
- there are severe blood diseases;
- renal failure diagnosed;
- there are violations in the endocrine system;
- the age of the child is less than 6 months;
- woman in the first trimester of pregnancy.
If you are not confident in your health, then before deciding to get vaccinated, you need to consult a treating specialist. All these contraindications are valid for all stages of vaccination, if even a slight malaise is observed, then it is better to postpone the procedure
It is also worth considering that a flu shot can cause quite serious side effects, but, fortunately, they are not common. Usually, how the vaccine will manifest itself, whether it causes a side effect or not, depends on its type. For example, live vaccines are capable of more than inactivated
The experience of the doctor who examined the patient, the experience of the medical staff conducting the vaccination, and the quality of the vaccine can affect the side effects after vaccination.
So, what side effects can be observed? They are divided into local and systemic. The former are observed only at the injection site, and the latter can spread throughout the body.
If the baby begins to hurt the place where the injection was made, then it is possible to use an anesthetic (ointment, syrup, suppository).
The following side effects after vaccination are also possible:
- there is a constant feeling of fatigue;
- the presence of a runny nose;
- pharyngitis;
- migraine;
- general malaise;
- a person sleepy;
- muscle aches;
- enlarged lymph nodes;
- vomiting and diarrhea appear;
- pressure drops.
Many worry that after this procedure, you can get the flu. If vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine, then just getting sick does not work out. If you use live, then you can get sick, but the probability is minimal. And if this happens, then the disease will proceed in the most mild form.
By the way, it is also important that after vaccination a person is not infected and is not able to infect anyone with influenza.
Vaccination can protect only from the flu, it does not apply to other infections. She begins to act only two to three weeks after the injection.
Hepatitis A
This is a disease of "dirty hands", jaundice. Vaccination for a child at the age of 7 from such an infection will be very useful.
At school, children often for the first time begin to independently use the dining room and public toilets, which increases the risk of developing intestinal infections, which include hepatitis A.
This is not a fatal disease, but it reduces the level of health, which can lead to more severe forms of pathology, which lead to deaths.
According to statistics, around one and a half million people fall ill with hepatitis A every year. In those areas where the epidemic is taking place, children are the first to become victims of this infection.