An operating system is an intermediary between a computer and a user, ensuring their interaction and is responsible for executing programs. The most famous representatives: Linux, Microsoft, Mac OS and so on. In this article we will consider the composition and functions of operating systems. It will be about general parameters without being tied to a specific OS.What does an operating system consist of?
Before we talk about what are the functions of operating systems, we will consider what it consists of.
- A software module that manages a file system.
- Drivers for devices. They ensure the correct operation of each hardware element of the computer, as well as information exchange with other devices.
- A processor that responds to user commands.
- Service programs. With their help, it is possible to work in computer networks with disks and files.
- Modules that provide a graphical environment for the user.
- Help system that helps to find the answer to any question regarding the operating system and working with it.
The functions of operating systems may vary depending on the type of the latter. There are a lot of classifications. Here are the main ones.
1. By the number of concurrent users of the OS, there are: single-user (old versions, for example, MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, earlier versions of OS / 2) and multi-user (for example, UNIX, Windows NT).
2. By the number of simultaneously performed tasks: single-task (for example, MSX, MS-DOS) and multi-task ( OS: OS / 2, Windows 95, UNIX).
What does the operating system do?
Consider now the main functions of the operating system:
- execution of user commands upon request (starting and closing programs, input and output of information, freeing up additional memory, and so on);
- access to peripheral devices (printer, mouse, keyboard, and so on);
- loading software into RAM and its execution;
- implementation of memory management;
- saving data about errors and failures in the system;
- providing an interface for the user;
- access to and management of other storage media.
That is, all actions carried out by a person through input tools are performed by a computer using the OS. It allows you to provide a convenient user interface. There are also additional functions of operating systems:, , . - , . , , , . , .