So your family has a long-awaited holiday. You can be congratulated on adding to the family. You must understand that a very important period has come in the life of the family. Now every day will bring joy and unexpected discoveries.
If we talk about how rapidly and entertainingly the child develops in months, then the first year can be called the brightest. The kid learns the world every day, carefully watches others. He learns to smile, sit, crawl, walk. Each baby develops individually, but there are many common criteria that apply to all children. Today our topic is "Development of the child by months to a year."
First month: acquaintance
This period can be considered adaptive in the life of the child. Seventy percent of the time he sleeps. Sleep is very important for a newborn. The physical development of the child at 1 month is especially noticeable. It grows on average by 3 centimeters. His body is getting used to a new, unfamiliar environment. During wakefulness, the baby randomly waves his hands, clenched into fists, and legs bent at the knees. By the end of the 1st month, he can already hold his head briefly, fix his gaze on bright toys, the faces of his parents, clearly make vowel sounds. Specialists in pediatrics are sure that it is very important to place the baby on the mother’s chest in the first two hours after birth. At this time, an invisible contact appears between mom and her offspring. A woman begins to feel the emotions and needs of her baby in the distance.
No less important during this period is nutrition. In the presence of mother's milk and its good quality, the baby gains about 600 grams per month. During feeding the baby does not need to rush. For him, this is not just a nutrition process - he enjoys the warmth and communication with his mother.
Reflexes
At birth, the baby has some natural reflexes that help him adapt to the new environment. Some of them are lost in the first months of life. These reflexes are:
- sucking;
grasping (if you put a finger on his handle, he will squeeze it);- swimming (putting the child’s tummy on the water, you will see that he will begin to make swimming movements);
- search (when the baby is looking for mom’s breasts).
Other reflexes remain with the little man for life:
- sneezing
- blinking;
- startle;
- yawning and others
By the presence of reflexes in the baby, pediatricians determine the mental development of the child. By the end of the 1st month of life, young mothers need not only to surround the child with warmth and care, but also to accustom him to a clear day-night regimen.
Second month: get to know mom
This period of life is sometimes called the time of "revitalization." The baby can not only look at your face, but he also feels your emotional state. When mom comes to the crib, the baby begins to randomly wave legs and arms. At 2 months, the little man holds his head more confidently. His height increases by about three centimeters, and the weight gain should be about 800 grams.
Third month: start to "talk"
The development of a child by months to a year is very interesting to observe. Your baby, if put on his tummy, can already lean on his forearms, holds his head for a longer time.
During this period, it is important to often turn it over to the tummy. This will help digestion, relieve gas, strengthen the muscles of the neck and back. Make sure that the baby does not lie on its side for a long time - this can provoke a curvature of the spine. The development of the child in 3 months of life is characterized by the fact that the baby is already more focused on bright toys. He "talks" with himself, can pronounce not only vowels, but also some consonants. He is more interested in surrounding things and events. He already becomes a completely independent person - pulls a nipple out of his mouth, and then tries to shove it back on his own. For this month, the child "gets heavier" by another 800 grams and grows by 3 centimeters (average).
The wakeful period increases to one and a half hours. At this time, take the baby in his arms, talk with him, walk around the room, kiss him, hug. The proper development of the child from month to year is very important for his further physical and mental health, so you must follow him very carefully.
Fourth month: hold our head!
During this period, the baby is already responding to sound, holds his head well. When it lies on the tummy, it rests on the handles and knows how to straighten them. He reaches for the toys and can grab them, look close and taste. And most importantly - the baby is already able to distinguish his mother from other adults. For the fourth month, the weight of the child increases by about 750 grams, and growth - by 3 centimeters.
Fifth month: learning to crawl
Monthly physical development of a child becomes more intense precisely during this period. This is a kind of new stage in its development. He already knows how to roll over. Some especially active babies try to sit, crawl, stand on their legs. At this time, it is important to hold the crumbs, learn to walk.
The child already easily distinguishes between native people and strangers. More confidently "talking", though not yet consciously. In the fifth month, the child will gain about 700 grams in weight, and will grow somewhere by 2 centimeters.
Sixth month: sitting alone
During this period, the baby already knows his name. What changes when a child is 6 months old? Development, daily routine move to a new level. The baby is already much more awake, he knows the time of feeding and sleeping well.
Without outside help, the child is able to sit. He holds his toys well, shifts them from pen to pen. Lying on his tummy, the baby lifts its legs and tries to kneel. He learns to repeat individual syllables - "ba-ba", "ma-ma".
At this time, many mothers begin to actively feed the baby. However, try not to give him sweet and salty foods, since at six months the intestines and kidneys are not yet ready for such a load. The pediatrician will individually advise you on complementary foods.
At this age, your beloved baby turns into a fidget. He easily flips from his back to his tummy or side, knows how to distinguish objects. If, for example, you ask him to show the watch, then he, looking around, will surely show you where they are.
Seventh month: learning to walk
With outside help, the baby knows how to walk around the room, crawls on its own, but mostly backward.
At this age, kids love to swim. This is due to the fact that they are already quite confidently sitting and can play with toys in the bath. During the bath, tell the baby what the parts of his body are called by pointing to them. This helps to remember, and soon the child will easily show where he has a leg, where is his finger.
Changes are observed in the diet of the baby. At this age, cottage cheese and meat are useful for him, which replenish the body's supply of calcium, which is necessary for the growth and formation of teeth, as well as potassium, which is important for good heart function. In addition, the child needs protein for muscle growth. For the seventh month, the baby will add about 700 grams in weight and 2 centimeters in height.
Eighth month: we move confidently
The most important thing at this time is not to leave the child unattended, because he already moves well, sits down independently. The kid reacts animatedly to new toys. He is already able to distinguish dad and mom from strangers in the photograph. He plays with interest with interest. The baby knows that during parting with someone, one must wave his hand, trying to eat on his own.
Ninth month: independent steps
Using a chair, chair or sofa, the child becomes on its own legs and moves around. He often falls, cries, but gets up again. The baby at the age of nine months with pleasure repeats the words for adults, sometimes individual syllables. Already he can drink from a cup, of course, if an adult supports it from below.
Tenth month: first words
So, almost an adult lives in your family - a child of 10 months. The development of the baby is so rapid that you do not have time to rejoice at his new achievements. Let's try to note all his successes. For the tenth month, the baby grows by about 1.5 centimeters (from the moment of birth, he grew somewhere by 22 centimeters). Over the same period, he will gain 450 grams in weight (a total increase of about 6.5 kilograms). Naturally, these figures are indicative.
A child of 10 months, the development of which is happening more rapidly, sleeps in the daytime most often 1 time. The duration of a day's rest is about 2-3 hours. Sometimes a child needs to sleep during the day twice, but for one hour. This mode is suitable for very active children. At night, the child should rest for at least 9-10 hours. Remember - if the baby does not get enough sleep, he will be capricious, refuse games, eat poorly. The physical and psychological development of the baby is individual. However, if there is a pronounced deviation in the values of height or body weight in one or the other direction, it is necessary to consult a specialist to make sure that everything is in order with the baby’s health. Quite often, such violations are the first, and sometimes the only sign of an existing pathology.
At 10 months the baby is very mobile. He no longer likes to be constantly in the arena, and more movements and a variety of impressions are needed. More and more of his time he is in an upright position. The child’s speech also develops significantly. This is no longer a simple imitation of adult speech. He carefully pronounces the syllables "ma-ma", "ba-ba", and does this with different intonations.
The menu of a ten-month-old baby is already quite diverse. It includes milk porridge, vegetable puree, cottage cheese, meat, fish, fruits, vegetable purees and juices. Part of the food is a solid consistency (this contributes to the development of the digestive tract, the formation of teeth). By the end of the tenth month, the baby should have four teeth erupted. It is great if at this age, the mother can still breastfeed her baby. This usually occurs after a basic meal or before bedtime. However, it happens that babies need such communication with their mother more often.
Eleventh month: imitate adults
What achievements can a child of 11 months boast? The development of the crumbs continues. The kid can already stand up and stand on his own. Pretty confident, he is able to walk with the help of a high chair, holding onto it with one hand. A child at this age likes to imitate adults - it opens and closes doors, takes a spoon in the handle and tries to eat on its own. With great pleasure, the baby throws toys on the floor. His fingers have become very dexterous, and he can easily take the smallest objects.
A child of 11 months, whose development of speech also does not stand still, already quite meaningfully pronounces simple words. He already understands a lot, becomes extremely observant and really wants to imitate adults, therefore, during this period, parents need to be especially attentive to their speech so as not to exclaim: “Where did he get that?”
Twelfth Month: Congratulations
So you waited for your first birthday. Your baby is 1 year old! With what achievements did he come to his first significant date? In order to remember how this complex process occurred, we advise parents to keep a monthly calendar of child development.
Most babies are already 12 months old, and the most active babies are even running. At first, the baby holds on to Mom’s hand and carefully takes the first steps, and a little later the baby continues to walk independently. In his eyes you will see fear and joy at the same time - because he so wants to be like you.
During the first attempts to learn to walk for the child there should be a lot of free space. The kid should not get hurt and feel pain. This may delay his attempts to learn to walk for a long time.
At the age of one year, the child must confidently put the cubes on top of one another, put on the rings on the rod. He pronounces 10-12 words quite clearly. In addition, the baby babbles something in one language that he understands. He knows well and shows with pleasure where he has ears, eyes, pens, etc.
The kid shows where the mom, brother or dad is. The child is already very mobile. It's great. However, it is necessary to protect the child from injuries as much as possible. Carefully inspect the apartment and try to close or soften the corners where the little man can get hurt. And most importantly - do not leave him unattended for a minute, especially if the child is very active.
Today we examined the topic "Development of the child by months to a year." We hope that our article will help you grow a healthy and strong baby. And one more piece of advice for young mothers. If you have any questions regarding the physical or mental development of the baby, do not hesitate to ask their pediatrician again. Remember that at this stage it is your faithful friend and adviser.