Children are the most precious thing in this world. And to grow up a healthy person is not only the task of parents, but it is also important for the state as a whole. It is not an easy task for a preschool teacher to protect a weak baby’s body, which has been brought up in a warm home climate, in practically greenhouse conditions, from bacteria and other microorganisms present in a children's team. And to cope with such an important task is possible only with the help of tempering kids. How to conduct tempering procedures in kindergarten correctly? What types can I use? We will talk about this in detail in this article.
Basic principles of hardening kids in kindergarten
Since the appearance of people on the planet to the present, the most effective tempering agents remain the simplest and most natural natural gifts - the sun, air and water. It is these three main elements that help the body adapt to various living conditions. In order for a person to grow strong and healthy, ready to withstand various diseases and be able to cope with infections, including his personal defenses, his body needs to be trained and adapted to the most contrasting weather conditions. It is this task that systematic hardening solves, guides educators to help children increase the body's resistance level and adapt it to a changing climate and temperature conditions. And for this there are different types of hardening of children, recommended by the methodological materials of children's institutions. Every educator should know about them.
Conscious hardening takes place according to a certain system, which is able to quickly adapt a child to adverse weather conditions without harming his body and in the most comfortable way adapting the baby's health to the unpredictable influence of the external environment. Hardening implies the development in the individual of the greatest resistance to weather changes, resistance to diseases and natural surprises. In order for this process to proceed with the highest efficiency, the onset of hardening of the child must occur from a very young age and be systematic. Otherwise, the achieved results will quickly be reset to zero.
Everyone knows and has repeatedly proved in practice that hardened children are much less sick and more active in life, they have a stronger psyche and an even, calm character. If hardening procedures are practiced in kindergarten, then the child easily begins to perform everything that is required for hardening. And since all the children around him do this, the baby does not have the idea to evade these useful activities. On the contrary, procedures adapted to children's perception are perfectly accepted by a small person, and he even wants to perform them at home.
In kindergartens, the basic principles and methods of hardening children that are specially designed for babies are applied. These are global principles such as systematic classes, the gradual introduction of children into the schedule and maximum attention to the individual characteristics of each child. If these principles are violated, the entire system will collapse and hardening, performed occasionally, will not bring any benefit to the body. The main goal of tempering procedures in kindergarten is not to harm the fragile children's body with too high requirements, but to accustom them gradually and gradually, in the form of a game.
The main types of procedures for children
The traditional types of hardening of children in preschool institutions include:
- Reception of children in the morning on the street, in the fresh air;
- gymnastics;
- Wellness walks in the fresh air;
- simple adoption of air baths or with the simultaneous implementation of exercises;
- sleep with ajar windows or in ventilated rooms;
- washing, washing hands and rinsing the mouth after brushing your teeth with cool water;
- walking barefoot in a group room;
- barefoot walking on the health track;
- sunbathing.
Sample conditions for procedures with children under 7 years old
In order to properly conduct hardening procedures in kindergarten, it is necessary to understand what conditions can be most favorable for hardening babies. Here is an example scheme for hardening preschool children aged two to seven years:
- the child should be in a room where the air temperature is not higher than 18-20 degrees;
- taking air baths - for 10-15 minutes. At the same time, the baby should only be dressed in panties and a tank top. A child in socks or slippers on his bare feet runs and plays outdoor games in the group. For a while, everyone does light gymnastics - about 6-7 minutes;
- washing - gradually reduce the temperature of the water from a comfortable 28 degrees to cooler: in the summer - 18 degrees and in the winter - 20 degrees. Temperature drops throughout the year. With this water, children under 3 years of age are recommended to wash their face, neck and hands - to the elbow, with those older than 3 years - the upper part of the breast, as well as the arms to the shoulders. For three-year-olds, hardening also starts at 28 degrees. Throughout the year, the water temperature is reduced to 16 degrees in the summer and to eighteen in the winter;
- daytime sleep. It must be held in the warm season with the windows open, and in the cold - in a pre-ventilated room at 15-16 degrees;
- sleep without T-shirts - constantly, but if the room temperature is below acceptable, wear warm socks and cover with two blankets; temperature minimum - 14 degrees;
- walks in the fresh air twice a day if the air temperature is not lower than 15 degrees. The duration of the walk should be at least 1-1.5 hours, preferably a few (2-3) hours;
- sun-air baths in the summer of 5-10 minutes several (2-3) times a day. In this case, you can walk in the fresh air for an unlimited amount of time;
- gargling and mouth rinsing for children of the younger preschool group - from two to four years. Boiled water, cooled to room temperature, with chamomile or sage - morning and evening.
Features of the procedures. Three groups of children
Hardening is the most effective way to increase the child's resistance to temperature fluctuations and develop a strong immunity to colds. That is why hardening of children in a preschool educational institution is carried out by a group rather than an individual method. In the hardening process, such widely available environmental factors as air, water and the sun participate. The process itself is carried out according to specially developed methods by a qualified educator together with a medical professional. In order for children to be most comfortable in hardening in accordance with their individual characteristics, they are divided into hardening groups in kindergarten.
According to the health status of babies, three main groups are formed:
- healthy children who can fully engage in hardening without limiting procedures;
- children, often sick, prone to colds, which are treated under milder and sparing conditions;
- children with chronic and acute heart diseases, gastrointestinal tract and other diseases in which hardening is not recommended.
In the process of training the body, a special set of hardening procedures is used in kindergarten, recommended for working with a particular age group. It is important to clearly adhere to the basic principle - to influence the training factors on the body gradually and unobtrusively. At the same time, training exercises should constantly increase in strength and time to ensure the correct hardening of children in preschool education.
Features of the procedures. rules
When organizing hardening in a children's educational institution, the following rules must be followed:
- hardening procedures should be carried out on an ongoing and regular basis. With an unsystematic approach to hardening the body, he does not have time to develop the necessary protective reactions;
- you can not temper the body and in reserve, in excess of the established standards, and also to stop classes during the cold winter season. In this case, the reactions to cold developed in the body will soon disappear, and the child will again be at risk of catching a cold. It is on the principle of consistency that tempering procedures in kindergarten are built, because children spend most of their time there and can fit into the existing system;
- gradualness in increasing the intensity of procedures is also very important, especially for babies whose organisms are still defenseless against environmental influences. Changes in the conditions of stay gradually help to comfortably adapt the body to not very favorable conditions;
- taking into account the individual characteristics of the body and age categories for the correct distribution of the intensity of the procedures.
The implementation of these rules is the basis for the entire system of hardening of children, recommended for use in preschool institutions.
Air quenching in kindergarten
Each methodology for carrying out procedures provides for different types of hardening of children of certain age groups and the degree of pain. The simplest procedures, as a rule, turn out to be the most effective. To do this, the child does not need any extra effort. On the contrary, the simplest actions are perfectly absorbed by the kids, and they continue to perform these simple procedures at home on weekends and holidays.
In this regard, qualified advice for parents on hardening children at home will be useful. It should explain to them the importance of the gradual accumulation of forces by the body to withstand adverse weather conditions, as well as the regularity of the procedures. Parents are told that they do not dampen their children and, for their part, monitor the continuity of the hardening system.
The first and most affordable procedure is air quenching. Each childcare institution has such an opportunity; it is available at home. Hardening should begin with good ventilation, so that the internal temperature drops by at least 1 degree. In the cold season, the room must be ventilated several times a day, and in the warm - constantly. Air baths are the most pleasant and easy of all procedures.
When hardening, you should first expose only the arms and legs of the child. At the same time, it is good if morning exercises for children are played to music, so the baby will not freeze, and it will temper the exposed parts of the body sufficiently. After some time, you can go to the common air baths, when the child’s body is maximally naked. The duration of this procedure is 5-8 minutes in the final phase and should increase very gradually. The air temperature should decrease every 2-3 days by a couple of degrees. It should start from 21-22 degrees, eventually reaching 16-18 degrees. It must be borne in mind that children suffering from allergic reactions are subject to faster cooling.
Water quenching in a preschool educational institution
Water quenching is the most difficult and least comfortable way, requiring a certain mood of the child and some effort on himself. There should be something to interest the baby so that he would like to engage in water procedures. The mildest water treatment - wet wiping, which at first should not last long - quickly wipe with a damp towel and immediately rub the skin thoroughly until healthy redness appears with a dry and soft towel. Wiping is first carried out only with the hands and feet of the child, and only after some time you can begin to wipe the entire body.
In addition to general wiping, pouring can also be used. Only in this case you need to know how to properly pour cold water on children. You can start by pouring feet, at first moistening only the feet and lower leg to half. The temperature in the room should not be lower than 20 degrees. Then you can pour on hands and feet, preferably in a playful way (games using water). Such procedures are indicated for children from one and a half years of age. Such a baby is first started to wash the legs with warm water, after four to five days lowering the temperature by 1 degree, bringing it to 22 degrees for babies up to three years, and with the older one, 18 degrees is enough. Foot baths should not be long - one to three minutes and enough. At the same time, the baby's legs should be warm, since pouring cold feet does not give the desired effect.
Features of the procedure for dousing babies in a preschool educational institution
An even more difficult hardening step is douche or shower. When dousing, the temperature in the room for children of different ages should be different:
- up to two years - not lower than 22 degrees with a water temperature of 26-28 degrees at the end point of hardening;
- from two to four years - not lower than 20 degrees with a water temperature of 24 degrees;
- from four to seven years - not lower than 18 degrees with a water temperature of 22 degrees.
In this case, an adult watering the shoulders, chest and back of a child from a watering can. This will require 1.5-2 liters of water, and this procedure lasts from 15 seconds to 35-40. After you need to rub the body with a soft towel.
Sun-hardening babies in preschool educational institution
Tempering with the sun is carried out during a walk, and each sunbath lasts from 2-3 minutes to ten minutes in one procedure. At the same time, it is very important to prevent overheating of the body, so you should carefully monitor the children during this procedure for them. The caregiver should alternate the time spent in the sun and in the shade, so that the baby's delicate skin does not receive burns. But to make sunbathing more useful and safer in the morning, when the sun is not very hot and the child is comfortable for him.
Walking barefoot is another method of hardening babies in a preschool educational institution.
The easiest and most affordable way to harden is walking barefoot. To strengthen the body's defenses, the child should walk barefoot around the room for 15-30 minutes in the morning and the same amount in the evening. In the morning, barefoot climbing and charging for children to the music can be combined - and the children are pleased and do not have to separately spend time on each of the procedures. Every day, barefoot walking time becomes 10 minutes longer and gradually increases to 60 minutes. Walking without shoes on fine gravel or hard ground gives very good results. The skin on the foot becomes rougher, and the excitability to cold road or indoor surfaces is reduced.
Walking barefoot not only helps to harden the legs, but also strengthen the arch of the foot, as well as the leg ligaments. You can start hardening when the temperature of the coating is not lower than 18 degrees. First you need to do this in socks for about 4-5 days, then 3-4 minutes with bare feet. Every day, the procedure time is increased by 1 minute, until it reaches 20-25 minutes.
Salt hardening in a preschool educational institution
Salt hardening is necessary for children in preschool age and should be carried out under the supervision of a teacher. Immediately after noon sleep, the child should walk barefoot on a soft flannel rug, which is slightly moistened with a 10% solution of kitchen salt. You need to walk on a salt rug for two minutes, then go to another rug - dry, on which the legs are thoroughly wiped. Before the procedure, the foot should be warmed up with a foot massager or walking on special stick or button paths.
Little conclusion
In our material, we talked about the benefits of hardening for preschool children. We also gave an approximate scheme of the procedures and the features of the methods used for this. It is important to remember that the strength of hardening lies in its systematic nature. Therefore, interruptions in the adoption of procedures by the child should not be allowed. We hope that the article was interesting and useful to you.