Monochorial diamniotic twins - this is the most common case of identical twins. To be more precise, these are twins. But in medicine they are still called twins. The term "monochorial" means that the babies have one placenta for two. Of course, it is easy to guess that this is not very good. It often happens that one fruit, developing faster, suppresses another, absorbing more nutrients. As a result, children are born with a significant difference in weight.
Types of Twins
The happy mother, expecting twins, is always intriguing by the question of whether her little children will resemble each other, or if their similarity will be insignificant. Unfortunately, this is always a surprise. No doctor can diagnose the development of twins in advance and with absolute certainty. But if it is extremely accurate to establish what kind of twins a woman has, then it will be possible to make fairly bold predictions regarding children and the degree of their similarity. To do this, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, is not difficult.
There are only two types of twins: monozygous and dizygotic. In turn, they can be divided into subspecies. In fact, what kind of twins a mother wears largely determines the complexity of the ongoing pregnancy, the risks and complications associated with the period of gestation and the birth process. It has been established that monochorial diamniotic twins (photos of such twins can be seen in this article) are most often found in the development of babies from one egg.
Monozygotic twins
"Monozygotic twins" are called twins that evolved from a single egg. Such a separation of the zygote can occur at different times. That is why monozygotic twins come in several forms. Depending on when the separation occurred, biamniotic, bichorial, diamniotic, dichorial twins are distinguished. As a rule, with some exceptions,
monozygotic twins of the same sex: either boys or girls. At the same time, they are very similar to each other, and differences in their appearance appear only with age.
Types of monozygotic twins
Monochorial diamniotic twins are most common. It occurs 4-8 days after the fertilization of the egg. But this should happen strictly before the zygote is implanted in the uterine wall.
The term "monochorial" itself means that both fetuses receive food from one placenta. This, of course, is accompanied by the danger of some complications. Almost always after the birth of children it is clear that one infant is somewhat larger and more developed than the second. This is because, while suppressing his brother or sister, he consumes more nutrients. If a woman does not receive enough minerals and vitamins, the second baby may not survive.
The term “diamniotic” means that each fetus has its own amniotic sac in which it grows and develops. But monochorial twins can be monoamniotic, this is a much more dangerous option.
Monochorionic monoamniotic twins
Monochorionic monoamniotic twins are one of the most dangerous. In this case, the separation occurs from 8 to 12 days from the moment of fertilization. As a rule, this occurs during the period when the zygote is implanted in the endometrium. The result is that both fetuses not only have a common placenta, but also an amniotic sac.
Of course, monochorionic diamniotic twins are dangerous, but in the case of monoamniotic twins this is associated with the likelihood of developing even more complications. For example, children may become entangled in each other's umbilical cord. In addition, such a pregnancy gives a large number of deviations. The most dangerous is the birth of Siamese twins. But if the separation occurs in due time, and the pregnancy is without complications, then the born babies will have the same gender and blood type. And to distinguish them in childhood will be difficult even to their own parents.
Dizygotic twins
Non-identical twins are called "dizygotic." They have not only each of their amniotic sac, but also their own placenta. In general, this is what distinguishes twins from twins. They should not at all resemble each other in appearance. Blood type may also vary. In the case of dizygotic twins, born children can be same-sex or heterosexual. They are similar, like brothers and sisters born from the same parents, but at different times.
How to get pregnant with twins?
That monochorial diamniotic twins are twins, this is understandable, but is it possible to somehow provoke such a pregnancy? Thousands of women are asking this question. Of course, you can find many tips for traditional medicine, but they are all grandmother's tales. Multiple pregnancy can only be provoked in the case of artificial insemination. This is a kind of gift from doctors to parents who for many years could not conceive a child.
But in all other cases it is luck. This is a kind of gift of fate, a rare and therefore very valuable gift. Multiple pregnancies happen one in a hundred. Of course, if twins were already born in a family on an ascending line, then the chances of a woman increase. But even this fact does not guarantee her the coveted twins.
When can a multiple pregnancy be established?
Of course, there are many signs that make pregnancy easy to establish.
Monochorial diamniotic twins can only be detected by ultrasound. The first suspicion of twins may occur at the gynecologist. Often a specialist in their field, with some experience in determining twins, can understand what’s even more when registering a pregnant woman in a antenatal clinic. An unusually large uterus size will indicate this to him. Typically, such a clear difference is already visible by the 11th week.
Sometimes, for this reason, they may incorrectly determine the gestational age. But the unusually large size of the uterus encourages the doctor to send the woman for an additional examination. She undergoes the first ultrasound at 6 weeks. It is at this time that diagnosing a multiple pregnancy is the easiest. With the increase in the term of fetal development, it becomes more difficult to do. There are cases when doctors simply do not see the second baby in the later stages. As a result, the birth of not one, but two children for a young mother becomes a surprise.
Difficulties of multiple pregnancy
Monochorial twins, in contrast to dichoric twins, have their own complications. Children eat from one common placenta, which means that one baby may lack nutrients. Delivery in such cases occurs at 34-36 weeks. Kids are not born naturally, but through a cesarean section. So much safer for both children and mother. Often there is a significant difference between the weight of newborns. It can be 500 grams.
In order to safely endure both babies, a woman must eat intensely, monitor her health, take all the medications prescribed by the doctor. Constant walks in the fresh air are very useful. The body of a woman should be enough vitamins and minerals.
Monochorial diamniotic twins. Childbirth
A woman carrying twins should be more carefully observed by a gynecologist. This, of course, is associated with the risks of complications. With multiple pregnancies, the probability of premature birth is very high. If, bearing one child, a woman takes care of up to 39-40 weeks, then in the case of twins it is very rare. As a rule, babies are born between 32 and 37 weeks.
Delivery in a natural way is permitted by doctors only in the case of the correct presentation of the fetus and the absence of complications and threats. But most often they do a cesarean section. Natural birth is especially dangerous in the case of monochorionic monoamniotic pregnancy. Children may become entangled in each other's umbilical cord, and then it will be difficult to save them. It is also dangerous for women in childbirth. Monochorial diamniotic twins can be born naturally, but doctors rarely allow such delivery. Women bearing several fruits are advised to go to bed at 28 weeks of gestation.