The development of speech in the preparatory group. Summary of a speech development lesson in a preparatory group

The development of speech in the preparatory group of the kindergarten is one of the most important areas in the education of preschool children. The team of teachers pays a lot of attention to this process, both during classes and in everyday activities throughout the entire period of the child’s stay in the institution. The development of the ability to communicate, express your thoughts is the foundation for the further successful mastery of knowledge and skills by children. This article talks about organizing a speech environment for future first graders within the walls of a kindergarten. Various methods for developing speaking and communication skills are described here. The information presented in the article will be a good clue not only for preschool teachers, but also for parents.

The main tasks of the direction of speech development in kindergarten

The section of the program for the education and training of preschool children "Development of speech" in the preparatory group includes the following objectives:

• the formation of a child's rich and active vocabulary;
• development of the preschooler's speech environment;
• developing a culture of communication;
• formation of coherent speech;
• improving the ability to pronounce sounds and words correctly.

We learn about how to achieve the development of all the above skills in a six-year-old child from further information.

Ways of forming the speech development of future first graders

The task of teachers and parents of a six-year-old child is not only to teach him to speak, but also to give him comprehensive development. The means for developing preschoolers' speech, presented below, will help to fulfill these points. They include such moments:

1. Communication with peers and adults.
2. Finding a child in a cultural language environment.
3. Teaching the native language in the classroom.
4. Acquaintance with works of fiction and art in their native language.

Methods used to form children's speech skills

A child of 6-7 years old still loves to play. Therefore, for the process of obtaining knowledge from him to be successful, they must be submitted in an interesting way. What will be able to captivate the baby? The methodology for the development of speech of preschoolers includes such interesting techniques for presenting information and achieving successful learning outcomes:

1. Visual methods :

• observation during excursions and walks;
• looking at a single subject, plot picture or photograph;
• verbal description of toys and images;
• retelling of the plot picture, filmstrip, a group of objects.

2. Verbal methods :

• reading and retelling of fiction;
• storytelling based on visual material and without it;
• memorizing verses and small passages of prose by heart;
• generalizing conversation within the meaning of a fairy tale, story;
• drawing up a story by a group of pictures.

3. Practical methods :

• didactic games for the development of speech of preschool children;
• dramatization;
• dramatization games;
• plastic sketches with commenting;
• round dance games.

How in practice to achieve the desired effect in the development of speech of six-year-old preschool children will be discussed in the next part of the article. The descriptions of the exercises and games below will help parents and educators achieve excellent results in this direction.

Work on sound pronunciation

Classes for the development of speech with older preschool children include exercises for the differentiation of certain sound groups: voiced and deaf, hissing and whistling, hard and soft. We present you some examples of such games.

1. "Repeat". The kid is invited to repeat the words similar in pronunciation to the adults: poppy-buck-so, lady-house-smoke, etc. The purpose of this task is to make the child clearly pronounce sounds, thereby ensuring that he distinguishes and hears them, what is the difference.
2. "Similar or not." From a group of words, a preschooler should single out one that sounds sharply different from all the others. Examples: poppy-bak-tak-ram, lemon-bud-som-wagon, etc.
3. "Catch the sound." The purpose of the exercise is to teach the child to hear a given vowel or consonant and to distinguish it from the stream. Rule of the game: clap your hands when you hear "A". Approximate sound stream: ---------------, etc.
4. "Find the picture by the first sound." The child is given several cards with the image of objects. The adult calls the sound, and the baby selects the item in the name of which he is the first. Similarly, the task is performed to determine the last sound in a word.

Performing such exercises teaches the child not only to hear sounds, but also to isolate them from the general flow, to perform sound analysis of the word. A successful mastery of the phonemic structure of words is the key to competent writing in the future.

Speech development in the kindergarten preparatory group: intonation side

Rhythm, melody, strength of voice, timbre, pace of speech - these are the elements that make communication alive and bright. It is important from an early age to teach the baby the correct use of the sound side of speech. To do this, you can use the exercises presented below.

1. "Finish the phrase." The child is invited to choose a rhyme for the expression. Examples: "Where have you been, Tanechka?" (answer: “I went home with my grandmother”), “Our toothy crocodile ...” (answer: “I took and swallowed the hat”). The selection of consonant words in this exercise not only develops intonational expressiveness, but also teaches to perceive poetic speech.
2. "Tell me a story". The child needs not only to convey in words the plot of the work, but also to reproduce the intonation of the voice of one or another hero.
3. "Say the word slowly / quickly." This exercise helps to develop the pace of speech. When the child learns to pronounce words, the task is complicated. He is asked to pronounce the whole sentence at a certain pace.
4. "Big and small animal." With this game, the baby will learn to control the power of voice. He is invited to show how a small dog (or any other animal) growls, and then a large one.

Enrichment of active vocabulary

Classes in the development of speech in the preparatory group in this direction have the goal of teaching the child to select antonyms, synonyms, distinguish ambiguous words and be able to correctly use them in speech. To achieve a successful result, exercises and didactic games will help in this. Examples of some of them are presented in the list below.

1. "Find the opposite word in meaning" (antonyms). For example: "The snow is white, and the earth ...".
2. "Come up with a sentence for the picture" (polysemous words). The child has subject cards with the image of onions (vegetables) and onions (weapons). He needs to make a proposal with these concepts.
3. “Say it differently” (selection of synonyms). The adult says: "Big." Children should choose words close to him in meaning: huge, huge, giant, etc.

These and other similar didactic exercises, kindergarten teachers may include in the synopsis classes on the development of speech in the preparatory group as a method of teaching children.

The formation of the grammatical structure of speech

The development of six-year-old speech in this direction includes the work of teaching preschoolers to use the word in speech in the correct number, gender and case. Also, even at this age, children should know unshakable words (coat, piano). Classes in the development of speech in the preparatory group necessarily include exercises for teaching the competent use of "difficult" verbs: "undress-take off", "dress-wear." To achieve the correct application of these concepts in communication is possible only by constantly consolidating the knowledge gained in gaming activities and everyday life. For example, during training for a walk, invite the child to tell what he is doing (puts on a hat, puts on a doll, etc.).

The development of speech in the preparatory group also includes training in word formation. Kids are very fond of games of such a plan: “Name the cub from the name of his mother” (a hedgehog has a hedgehog, but a horse has a foal), “Think of a word longer” (spring - spring, freckles).

The formation of the ability to build coherent statements

Descriptions, reasoning, narration are the basis of speech. After the child begins to speak, the task of parents and educators is to teach him to correctly build sentences from words, and from sentences - a coherent text. From early childhood, the baby should hear competent speech around itself . To do this, you need to talk a lot with him, read books, watch and comment on developing cartoons. In classes in kindergarten and at home for the development of coherent speech in this direction, the use of didactic exercises is recommended. The educator can safely enter them into the outline of the lesson on the development of speech in the preparatory group. Let's look at a few examples of such games.

1. "Think of a continuation of the story." The child is shown one plot picture. He describes what he sees, and then unfolds the plot further.
2. "Arrange the pictures in the correct sequence and compose the story."
3. "What happened before that?" A preschooler sees a picture that depicts the ending of the story. He needs to come up with its beginning.
4. "Draw a fairy tale." The child is read a small work, and then asked to illustrate what he heard. At the end of the creative process, the kid retells the fairy tale from his picture.

Success rates for preschooler speech

At the end of the school year in the preparatory group, the child should know and be able to:

• build a coherent story from the proposed picture;
• retell small artwork;
• maintain a conversation with adults and peers;
• use the words of politeness in your speech;
• answer questions in full.