It is necessary to lay the desire and ability to work in a child from preschool age. Based on this, preschool institutions set labor education for preschool children as one of the main goals. In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, this term is understood to mean the system of formation of hard work and labor skills for each child. As well as the desire to learn work.
The main goal of labor education for preschoolers is the formation of a caring attitude to any work and a clear idea of the adult labor activity.
In connection with this goal, the state standard identifies the following main tasks:
- The formation of clear ideas about adult labor and the importance of labor in life.
- The formation of the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities for work.
- Education respectful attitude to any work.
Types of work and tasks
GEF DO involves the following types of labor :
- self-service;
- economic labor;
- natural labor;
- manual labor.
For each type, it is possible to distinguish certain tasks of labor education of preschool children.
Type of labor | Tasks |
self catering | - teach yourself how to care for yourself: dress, undress according to a clear, correct algorithm, correctly pack things, be able to care for your things, shoes and toys;
- to teach yourself to identify contaminants and damage to clothing and properly eliminate them, as well as to find something like that from a friend and help him fix it;
- teach yourself to prepare for classes, eating, walking and going to bed.
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economic | - continue to teach how to maintain order in the room, and in case of problems with the teacher to fix them;
- to accustom children to street labor: to clean garbage, to clear paths from dirt, snow and sand;
- to teach yourself to work in the institution’s canteen: to cook and set tables (only those dishes that the child can bring, usually dishes with bread and cheese or fruits), clean up dirty dishes and leave clean tables and premises;
- teach yourself to prepare a workplace, clean up and clean up work items after class.
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natural | - cultivate a respectful attitude to the world;
- learn to take care of animals that are in the preschool educational institution, namely: clean up the animals, clean the cages and change the water in a timely manner, monitor the availability of food in pets;
- to educate in children the desire to help adults in the garden or the garden: to plant, water, and weed.
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manual | - to teach yourself to use manual labor in the classroom;
- to teach kids to make simple applications, paintings, postcards, souvenirs and decorations;
- to form in children a desire to repair and restore toys, books and other items;
- to teach children to competently and economically use the material used.
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It is important to take into account that the first two types of labor activity should be formed during all the years of stay in the kindergarten, and manual labor training begins only 1-2 years before graduation from the preschool institution.
How does each type of work affect a child?
Thanks to the formation of self-service skills, pupils have such qualities as self-confidence, the ability to independently solve their problems and be independent of parents or other important adults.
The implementation of the tasks of economic labor allows children to understand that they themselves and without any help can improve the environment. All the knowledge that will be given to children by preschool educational institutions will play a significant role in the future.
Labor activity in relation to nature helps children to improve their mood, self-esteem; allows you to teach children to independently grow any product, flower and perform proper care for it; develops mental processes in a child.
Manual labor training helps children believe in themselves and understand that they can do a beautiful thing on their own and please it not only themselves, but also their loved ones.
Based on the foregoing, it is worth concluding that it is very important to include all types of activities in the education plan, because only thanks to this the educator will be able to release a person fully prepared for school and adult life from the kindergarten.
Forms of work organization
For the full-fledged education of labor among preschool children, the following forms should be used:
- instructions;
- duty roster;
- joint work.
Let us consider in detail all aspects of each of the forms.
Assignments are the most pleasant and effective means of educating and developing work skills. Children really like it when adults who are authoritative for them give them assignments, and in order to receive praise from this person, they will try to fulfill the assignment well, quickly and correctly.
Orders are of three types: individual, group, general.
You should start with the instructions specifically for one child, and only then, at an older age, move on to the group ones. In addition, at a young age, assignments should be small and light. As the child grows, assignments should be complicated.
It is very important to always praise the child not only for successful implementation, but also for the desire and desire to help. Do not assume that helping a child in an assignment will have a negative result, on the contrary, by helping kids, you will realize a sense of security and confidence in others in them.
Duty - a specific task provided by several kindergarten pupils, requiring special responsibility. Thanks to the duty, children feel their importance for the preschool institution, responsibility for the assignment and understand that their role and active participation in the group are important. In addition, on duty unite the children's team, and a common cause helps children to get to know each other better.
Joint work allows kids to correctly distribute responsibilities, choose roles for each participant and be responsible for the performance of their work in front of the group. Labor education of preschool children in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard is implemented through the listed forms of activity that were chosen by experienced teachers due to the research.
How to distribute classes?
In order to realize the goal of labor education of preschool children, it is necessary to correctly draw up an activity plan. It is very important to take into account age-related characteristics in the selection of activities.
It is worth noting that you need to use all forms of activity and distribute them with a load appropriate for children.
Incorrect planning of labor education in accordance with GEF DO and its outcome
Act | Total |
The teacher uses all three forms of labor activity on one day. | The tasks of labor education of preschool children are being implemented to a weak extent due to the heavy load on children. Pupils consider themselves not as individuals, but as subordinates, who require a lot of work. |
The teacher uses one form of activity per week. | Since it is absolutely impossible to involve all children in all types of forms , labor education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard will be manifested only in the part of the pupils who were more involved in the activity. |
The teacher incorrectly calculates the degree of difficulty of the tasks. | For young children, he gives difficult tasks, and for children from the older group - simple and easy. This approach will cause children to have a negative attitude towards work, as it will be either very easy or too difficult for them. Moreover, this method can completely discourage the desire to work and respect human labor. |
In order to avoid such mistakes, it is necessary to correctly distribute the responsibilities of children in the process of labor education.
Possible job options for different ages
In order to realize the tasks of labor education of preschool children as accurately as possible, an approximate table of activities for each group was compiled. You can familiarize yourself with it below.
Group | Job Options |
Yaselnaya \ Younger | The two groups are combined into one type, since the age of the babies and their capabilities are approximately the same. At this age, you can give instructions such as watering a flower from a children's watering can (only one pot, if the street is, then one small flowerbed), take a small object from one place to another, and hang your clothes to dry. Duty and collective tasks at this age are not applicable. |
Average | The labor education of preschoolers in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in the middle group requires a bit more complicated assignments. For example, water all the flowers in a group on your own, carefully hang out your things, arrange toys nicely, etc. Acquaintance begins with a new form of labor activity - duty. The very first duty - in the dining room. Children need to make sure that everyone has appliances, bread, cheese on the tables and watch carefully so that all students wash their hands before eating. It is also possible to instruct attendants to serve fruits or vegetables on the table, but not completely on the table, but 2 each. |
Senior | In the older group, children are already more mature, and their capabilities have expanded significantly. Now it is worth introducing such a kind of labor education as collective work. It is recommended to start with an interesting and fascinating activity. A good teamwork at this age would be to grow the flower in a group. Each of the children will share their responsibilities: someone monitors the watering, someone over the loosening of the earth, and someone over the sufficient sunlight. Thus, the educator forms a feeling of love and concern for the environment and the ability to perform work in a team among preschoolers. |
Preparatory | Labor education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Education in this group is intended for serious preparation of future graduates of kindergarten for big changes. It will be a new stage in life - the school. Therefore, it is very important to prepare an independent, educated and hardworking first grader. To do this, alternate all forms of work. Be sure to conduct teamwork once a week, but not for long. That is, the work must be started and completed on the same day. This may be the manufacture of collages, cleaning in the corner of animals or on the street, etc. The teacher is obliged to maximize the desire for work and the desire to work. |
Labor and parents
It is also important labor education of preschool children in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for parents. In addition, the result of the “vaccination” of love and a good attitude to work depends more on them.
Those rules that are present in the preschool institution should be used by parents at home. Otherwise, the mismatch of requirements may lead to a misunderstanding on the part of the child of what is required of him. The consequences of such disagreements are different: the minimum - the child will be constantly not sure whether he is performing the task correctly, the maximum - if in one place you need to do this, and in another you don’t need it and need it differently, then the child will decide that adults themselves they don’t know what they expect from the baby and come up with the rules on their own. And if such requirements are only fiction, then they can not be fulfilled.
The problem of labor education of preschool children is solved only by the joint work of parents and educator. To do this, it is necessary to arrange parental meetings as often as possible , where to agree on the rules, tasks and methods of raising children. Parents, in turn, must attend all meetings and take an active part in them.
Remember, only by joining together you can achieve positive results! Do not blame all the work on teachers, and then teachers. Their goal is only to direct the children in the right direction, and yours is to make every effort so that the child learns.
Hygiene conditions
In order for the labor education of preschool children in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards to have a positive result, it is imperative to monitor the hygiene of children and the cleanliness of the objects with which they work.
The efficiency of labor education of preschool children in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard increases when the work takes place in the fresh air. If the children work in the institution, then it is necessary to regularly ventilate the room and monitor the cleanliness of objects.
When children work on some crafts or draw, the room should be well lit so as not to harm children's eyesight.
Of great importance is the pose for labor. It is impossible for the pupils to be in the same position for more than an hour, as this is very harmful for the forming spine.
The importance of labor education of preschool children
A person must learn to work, as this is the only source of a prosperous existence. Diligence from an early age ensures success and prosperity in the future. Trained in labor from infancy, children are more independent, easily adapt to any conditions and solve various problems more quickly. Diligence allows a person to gain confidence in himself and tomorrow.
The labor education of preschoolers in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard is aimed at maximizing the development of the child’s knowledge, skills and abilities, thanks to which a kindergarten pupil will be able to safely develop further and receive the respect of relatives, friends and even strangers.
Conclusion
Labor education of preschoolers in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in the tables given in the article reveals in detail the essence and problems of the formation of industriousness.
The most important thing is to start involving children in the labor process from an early age. You need to do this in a playful way, but with certain requirements. Be sure to praise the child, even if he does not succeed.
It is important to note that work on labor education is necessary in accordance with age characteristics and it is important to take into account the individual capabilities of each child.
And remember, only with parents can you fully realize the labor education of preschoolers in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard!