The classification of microphones is complicated. They are distinguished by the type of conversion to dynamic and capacitor. Condenser microphones are wide or narrow membrane. They are also classified by direction and scope (orientation). On this basis, manual, lapel, desktop, remote, "guns" and many other highly specialized types are distinguished. A hand-held microphone is the most familiar one, which is directly associated with the word “microphone”. They are widely used on television, in recording studios, etc.
The microphone attached to the clothes cannot be positioned so that the axis of greatest sensitivity is directed to the speaker's mouth (the principle of operation of directional microphones). Therefore, lavalier microphones are omnidirectional and “capture” all extraneous sounds. To cut off extraneous noise, manufacturers integrate low-pass filters, which partially corrects the situation. The lapel microphone may be condenser or electret. Both of these types provide high-quality speech transmission.– . - , , , . : . , .
A high-quality lapel microphone can transmit speech well, but you won’t be able to record a song or the sound of an instrument using it at a sufficient level - the characteristics are not the same. His main task is to transmit the voice with which he copes, and the main advantage is the small size. The smallest device weighs only one gram. It is almost impossible to notice on clothes from a distance of several meters. Such a microphone should be as inconspicuous as possible, therefore it has mainly dim colors. The most common are black, flesh and gray.According to the method of signal transmission, the lapel microphone can be wired or radio transmitting. Wired microphones are used if there is no need for movement. To ensure mobility, use buttonholes with a radio transmitter. The transmitter looks like a small box and is usually mounted on the back, at the level of the belt.