In modern psychology and pedagogy of education of primary school children, there are many methods that are used to create a sense of responsibility, duty to parents and homeland, the right attitude to friends and peers, and so on. Any upbringing, regardless of its level of democracy, sets itself the goal of forming a holistic personality that can set important human goals and objectives, the achievement of which will be directed efforts. However, among the wide variety of pedagogical practices, it is necessary to single out the main styles of family education, which compare favorably with all the others, bearing a number of positive characteristics.
Leading teachers of our time distinguish two main styles of such education - controlling and democratic, each of which has its own advantages. As a result of the study of a group of children, it was found that with a controlling style of upbringing, they were more obedient, fearful, suggestible, but at the same time they were not too persistent in achieving their goals than in a democratic one. If, however, the democratic method was used more in the formation of personality , then the children showed an increased level of social activity, leadership skills with the simultaneous presence of sensitivity (vulnerability, doubt and self-doubt). Thus, the styles of family education showed both advantages in some areas and disadvantages in others. As a result of research, many scientists came to the conclusion that the most correct is a mixed style, which includes the use of different approaches depending on the specific conditions of interaction with the child.
It is important to take into account the fact that each baby needs to be given increased attention and care, because in this case he will be able to become a full-fledged person. When using the method of “free education”, which is also widely spread among many parents, a large number of children have various toys, but they will never replace the attention of adults. This crucial factor should be known to every family that cares about their child growing up as a real person.
The psychology of family education also involves the study of four basic parameters of parental behavior:
- Parental requirements that contribute to the development of the child's emotional, communicative and intellectual sphere.
- The main ways of communicating with children during the communication process, where different styles of family education play an important role.
- Emotional support, which is expressed in the ability of parents to express a warm friendship, sympathy, love and pride in the success of their children.
- Parental control, expressed in their ability to influence the child and insist on fulfilling the requirements of adults.
As a result of numerous pedagogical studies, and not only in terms of theoretical developments, but also practical results, it was found that the best option for the child is a combination of serious demands on the part of parents with democracy. And also with the provision of the choice of the method of execution of a given order to the child himself. The styles of family upbringing and their use also depend on a number of factors showing the ability of parents to control their emotions and feelings, since many of them cannot cope with their sensual sphere. In such parents, children are less competent and, as a rule, suffer from a lack of attention from adults.
Summing up all of the above, it should be said that the psychology of the family and family education is extremely important, since it is in the family that the child can get the most correct idea of the outside world and its place in it. To those where love and harmony reign, the child is maximally protected from all adverse external factors, as a result of which he will strive in the future to create a strong family as an essential element of a happy and fulfilling life.