In the modern world, you can not find a single person who does not use batteries. With their help, flashlights, watches, children's toys, remote controls and much more work.
There are several types that differ in shape and size: large, medium, finger, pinky batteries, square and round. They can be primary, used once, and secondary - are used repeatedly, as they can be recharged.
The little batteries are a source of electrical energy. It is formed as a result of a chemical reaction that proceeds inside, converting chemical energy into electrical energy. The shape of the batteries is not random. A tall and fairly narrow cylinder does a better job of dissipating heat and has a much lower resistance inside the battery.
Any little batteries have the same device: inside is an electrolyte and two different metals. One metal is an oxidizing agent - an anode; it accepts electrons.
The second metal is a reducing agent - a cathode that can give electrons. Solutions of alkalis, salts or acids may act as an electrolyte. As a result of the interaction of these substances, a chemical reaction occurs that causes an
electromotive force, which facilitates the transfer of one energy to another.
The little batteries can withstand a small load of 1.2 - 1.6 V. But this is quite enough for the operation of some devices, for example, for a control panel or a small player.
We can distinguish several of the most widely used types of batteries, different in their chemical composition:
- Salt - mainly used for wall clocks and in various remotes.
- Alkaline or alkaline - used for devices requiring high current: flashlight, electric shaver, radio-controlled machine, camera and others.
- Lithium - are used today quite rarely. Available in limited quantities for a specialized type of battery and for a special type of equipment equipped with a number of safety devices and special controllers that monitor the level of charge.
- Mercury - they are characterized by constant voltage and very high energy intensity, but are practically not produced due to the harmful effects of the mercury contained in them.
- Silver - have a high energy intensity and work excellently in conditions of both low and high temperatures. Do not apply in bulk because of the high cost.
Little batteries are one of the common, convenient and widely used varieties of batteries in everyday life. They are convenient in operation and storage. Most of them are absolutely safe for human health.
Little batteries - this is the kind of "energy storage" that can be used in absolutely any apparatus and equipment. However, they do not require large physical space for themselves, which makes them indispensable in compact devices.