Modern society requires active citizens, capable of creative thinking, making innovative decisions, as well as positive creation. Unfortunately, today the educational process in kindergarten still largely preserves the previously traditional approach to the supply and assimilation of knowledge by children. But the template, uniform repetition of similar actions does not cause interest in learning.
Traditional pedagogical techniques are not able to give the baby the joy of discovery and gradually lead to the fact that he loses the ability to work. But how to develop a child so that in the future he is determined to create a new one? How to educate a creative person out of him? For this, certain conditions are necessary: organizational, personnel, and also material and technical. Appropriate equipment, manuals are needed, in addition, the interest of the family and those people who work with kids.
To develop creative abilities will allow modeling and drawing, artistic activities and games. In this regard, teachers and parents should pay special attention to complex classes with children. After all, this training is carried out through the use of various types of art. This allows you to maximize the development of creative abilities in kids.
The role of art
The development of the child’s creative abilities is influenced by many factors that can be combined into three groups. The first of them includes individual characteristics and natural inclinations that have a direct impact on the formation of the child’s creative activity. The second group contains all the existing forms of influence of the social environment. The third set of factors determines the dependence of the creative manifestations of the baby on the structure and nature of his activities.
Why are comprehensive classes so important for primary school children? Such training plays a special role due to the fact that various types of art are used to present material. This includes music and literature, folk art and sculpture, and, of course, painting. Art in one form or another forms a person, awakens the creative principle in the child and has a direct impact on his spiritual world.
Integrated classes give children the opportunity to develop their imaginative ideas and imagination, attention and memory, as well as a positive emotional attitude to the activities offered by the teacher.
What are the means of various types of arts? In literature, this word is used for figurative definitions, epithets, rhythm, metaphors and comparisons. When conducting theatrical activities, they are means of dramatization in the form of facial expressions and gestures, movements and poses, intonation and voice. In visual techniques, the means used in a comprehensive lesson for children are drawings that express the volume and shape, proportions and aspect ratios of objects. Also, kids are fascinated by the application. It allows them to develop the concept of form, composition and color. If a comprehensive lesson for children is conducted using music, then the means of education are harmony and rhythm, dynamics and melody, intonation, etc.
Positive aspects of integrated training
The combination of various types of art leads to their versatile effects on the child. At the same time, it contributes to the knowledge of phenomena and objects from many angles while using all the senses.
A comprehensive thematic lesson is conducted in such a way that children alternately draw and sing, dance and read poetry. And their performance of plot compositions or decorative works on the background of sounding lyrical music contributes to the creation of an emotional mood that allows you to more successfully complete the tasks of the educator.
Comprehensive
classes in kindergarten allow kids to engage in a relaxed and unforced way. For example, during the execution of a collective drawing, they will certainly consult with each other about who and what details will be depicted. They will need to agree on their actions and roles in the process of staging the song.
Classification
Comprehensive classes in their content are very diverse. Moreover, they are carried out in different versions. These may be blocks of classes:
- on acquaintance of kids with the world of art;
- on the most interesting children's topics;
- on acquaintance of children with the work of writers;
- on emotional and moral education;
- acquaintance with the outside world, with folk art and nature.
Conducting comprehensive classes in various groups of kindergarten
The way classes are conducted with children primarily depends on their age. An important parameter in this case will serve as the accumulated life experience of the kids. So, comprehensive classes in the younger group (these are children 3-4 years old) are conducted using live observation of a phenomenon or object, to which its vivid illustration is attached.
Kids who are 4-5 years old are offered a colorful picture, accompanied by a small literary work. A comprehensive lesson in the senior group of preschool educational institutions (children from 5 to 6 years old) is conducted using a song or piece of music as a background or an independent part of the proposed activity.
Preschoolers from 6 to 7 years old are invited to get acquainted with a work of art with a simultaneous examination of 2-3 reproductions depicting a similar or different landscape. Also, children can be offered a description of a phenomenon or object in two or three poems in which there is a comparison or comparison. As a means of educating a creative person, listening to a musical work is also used.
Types of integrated classes
Combined training is divided by the value of the types of arts used in it. So, stands out:
1. The dominant type. It is characterized by the maximum use of one type of art, and the rest are the background of the lesson.
2. Equivalent type. In such classes, all its parts complement each other.
Comprehensive classes in the younger group
Entering the first educational institution in their life, children 2-3 years old are exposed to adaptive stress. To eliminate it, educators should conduct comprehensive classes with the Federal State Educational Standard before the kids as part of the From Birth to School program.
The adaptive capabilities of children of early as well as younger preschool age are small. With the arrival of a preschool educational institution, the kids fall into a new social situation for them. With a long stay in a stressful state, the child may experience emotional disturbances or slow down the pace of psychophysical development.
A comprehensive lesson in the younger group should help kids get used to the unusual environment, to parting with their parents, to the appearance of a large number of children and the presence of unfamiliar adults. In this case, the teacher solves the following tasks:
- Relieving muscle and emotional stress of the child;
- reduction in children of excessive motor activity and impulsivity, aggression and anxiety;
- development of the ability of children to communicate with each other;
- Improving the sense of rhythm, fine and general motor skills, coordination of movement and game skills.
What is such a comprehensive lesson based on? The youngest group (first) is children from 2 to 3 years old. They need a variety of games and round dances, nursery rhymes and songs, catch-ups and rhymes. All this allows you to quickly draw the kids into the rhythm offered by the teacher, switch from tears to friendly clapping of hands and stamping feet. Such activities are designed to unite children and give them a good emotional mood.
This training begins with an exercise. Children run, walk, or perform other actions. And they do it to a specific musical or poetic rhythm. It is in the first part of complex exercises that kids begin to tune in to group work, they have a good emotional background and increased motor and speech activity.
Further, in parallel with the exercises, the teacher offers children various games. This is the main part of the complex lesson, where kids get the opportunity to actively move, interact with peers and freely express emotions. At the third stage of the lesson, children are offered sedentary and calm tasks.
Second Junior Group
The development of abilities in children 3-4 years old is facilitated by all the same games. They help to grow a smart, smart and inquisitive person.
At the age of three, the preschool period begins in the life of the baby. This is the time when children already know a lot, and strive to learn as much as possible. And here comprehensive lessons come to the aid of the teacher. The second younger group will enjoy playing games that allow them to get acquainted with the world around them. Also, children will be able to learn the shapes of objects, their size and color, as well as their location in space.
Comprehensive classes at this age are designed to develop the kids' memory, thinking and attention, making their stay in the garden joyful and informative. The teacher should remember that frequent changes in roles, images and stories will cause overwork in children. At the same time, interest in the classes will be lost. That is why all the exercises and games that are part of the learning structure should be one fairy story.
Classes with children of the second younger group are carried out in 2-3 stages. The number and completing of modules of exercises and games in this case should vary by the teacher. The teacher is given the right to reduce the time of the lesson. This will prevent children from overwork. Also, the teacher, depending on the mood of the children, has the right to change the sequence of parts of the lesson.
Comprehensive classes in the middle group
At the age of 4-5 years, the child continues to learn to actively interact with the outside world. And this is largely facilitated by the comprehensive lesson conducted by the educator. In the middle group, preschoolers are especially curious about everything that surrounds them. At this age, the baby needs to expand the circle of knowledge about objects, learn about their purpose and signs. This is largely facilitated by the educational process, which takes into account the age characteristics of the child and the level of his development.
A comprehensive lesson in the middle group includes games, exercises and tasks that contribute to the development of imagination and speech, memory and perception in children. The formation of these mental processes is an integral part of a conscious attitude to the world.
Comprehensive classes for children of the middle group are held on the topics "Furniture" and "Tableware", "Clothing", "Transport" and "Toys". At the same time, they solve problems:
- improving spatial orientation;
- the formation of the ability to focus on objects;
- development of speech and enrichment of vocabulary;
- the formation of initial mathematical representations.
With the correct organization of complex classes, children 4-5 years old at the end of the school year will learn to recognize surrounding objects and their signs, compare them and perform simple experiments on them (for example, drowning - not drowning).
Acquaintance with nature
Creative personality training can be carried out for all age categories of children attending preschool. However, a comprehensive lesson in the preparatory group is especially useful . For example, this could be a game of instruction introducing older preschoolers to the fall season.
In the first part of the lesson, cognitive tasks are solved with the simultaneous development of children's intellectual abilities. The teacher at the same time clarifies the ideas that the children have about autumn, highlighting the characteristic features of this season. In this process, a special role will be played by a calendar with observations of changes in nature, which must be prepared in advance.
In the second part of the lesson, other tasks are solved. In this case, a different type of activity of preschoolers is used. So, for the lesson, the teacher organizes a small exhibition on the theme of autumn. As its exhibits, reproductions of famous artists are used, as well as photographs with paintings of a withering nature. Inspection of such an exhibition, which causes an experience of beauty in children, allows us to solve the aesthetic problems of education.
In the third part of the lesson, manual activity and artistic creativity of preschoolers are used. Children are encouraged to create at will and discretion. Preschoolers can draw bouquets of autumn flowers or do crafts from various natural materials, create applications, etc. This part of the complex lesson allows you to develop artistic and manual skills in children.
With the proper organization of such training, the time frame does not have strict limits. Children will not feel tired and bored. In addition, the teacher can always arrange a fun physical education session for his students.
Math classes
By the beginning of his school life, a child should know a lot of numbers and quantities, as well as be able to navigate in time and space. Pedagogical practice suggests that first-graders sometimes hardly move from actions to specific images, objects, numbers and other abstract concepts. Such difficulties can be avoided by developing a child’s mental thinking in complex classes in kindergarten. It is at preschool age that kids should get acquainted with a variety of mathematical relationships, the relationship between values, measures, etc.
If we consider complex classes in the preparatory group in mathematics, then their structure is as follows:
- repetition of already completed material (from 2 to 4 minutes);
- acquaintance with a new topic (from 15 to 18 minutes);
- generalization of the learned (from 4 to 7 minutes).
For example, in the first part of a comprehensive lesson, children compare the widths and lengths of objects. At the same time, preschoolers are offered the game “What has changed?”. In the second part of the lesson, the tutor demonstrates techniques by which the width and length of objects are measured. Next, the children perform everything on their own. This type of activity is a practical task for them. In the fourth part of a comprehensive lesson, exercises are performed to group and compare various geometric shapes.