Speech is the most important achievement of man. With the help of sounds, words, expressions, additional gestures and intonations, you can communicate with other people. Proper communication is called a culture of speech. This ability to correctly communicate, taking into account certain conditions, the purpose of the conversation, as well as the use of all language tools (intonation, vocabulary, grammar). The sound culture of speech is a general ability to communicate with each other.
What is a sound culture of speech?
It is part of human speech communication. The sound culture of speech combines the oral design of words. This layer is responsible for the correct pronunciation of sounds, expressions, speed and volume of speech utterances, voice timbre, rhythm, pauses, logical stresses, the correct functioning of speech and motor apparatus, as well as the presence of a suitable surrounding speech environment.
The education of the sound culture of speech contributes to the timely and rapid development of speech skills in preschool children. During the development of speech, speech therapists simultaneously develop vocabulary, grammatically coherent speech. Classes help children monitor their breathing during pronunciation, adjust their clarity, develop voice control skills slowly and intonationally.
How to raise a sound culture of speech?
The formation of the correct speech in a child is reduced not only to the development of skills in the correct pronunciation of sounds that speech therapists are engaged in, but also to the solution of many important tasks. In kindergarten experienced teachers work with children. As a rule, they develop a sound culture of the child’s speech in the following areas:
- Bring up the correct sound pronunciation.
- Form the clarity and clarity of pronunciation of words that correspond to the linguistic norms of the Russian language.
- A moderate speech pace and proper breathing during pronunciation are developed in the process of study.
- They bring up the intonationally correct pronunciation of sounds and words.
- Develop auditory attention in children.
The sound culture of speech and its implementation is carried out in two directions: from the development of various perceptions (rhythm, tempo, intonation, strength, speed) and the speech-motor apparatus. In order to bring up a speech culture in a child, teachers choose the following forms of work:
- Independent classes in which children communicate with each other.
- Classes with specialists of preschool institutions.
- Work in the form of games, exercises.
- Musical lessons.
The development of a sound culture of speech in preschool institutions continues not only in special classes, but also on a walk, morning speech gymnastics. Teachers use onomatopoeic words, poems, tongue twisters, visual aids, cartoons, presentations and much more.
The age of formation of sound speech in a child
It is best to begin to deal with a child at an age when he begins to actively talk and repeat words. The formation of a sound culture of speech is an important stage in preparing children for school. It is important not to miss this moment and help the child, together with the teachers of the kindergarten, to understand the science of sound pronunciation.
Biological hearing
From birth, a person has the ability to distinguish between sound vibrations - this is called biological hearing or perception. In humans, sounds are recognized by the outer ear, eardrum, auditory ossicles, and inner ear. Sound vibrations form the excitation of nerve endings and transmit information to the brain. Auditory attention is a special characteristic of a person's perceptual abilities that helps to focus on sounds, activities, or objects. For example, when a child stops his attention on an irritant, he gets a clear sound sensation. If the auditory perception in children is impaired, this entails a decrease in attention, curiosity. The child often cries, starts from sounds and extraneous irritants.
How to choose a speech therapist?
Finding a good specialist is not an easy task. Especially if the child has serious speech problems. When choosing a speech therapist, consider the following points:
- Ask a speech therapist for qualifications and work experience. Explore the portfolio.
- Ask a speech therapist if he has solved a specific problem.
- Find out the number and cost of classes.
- Try to understand whether a person is comfortable, is it comfortable for a child to be near a speech therapist.
- How high are the guarantees of a positive result.
Remember that the high price of classes with a speech therapist does not guarantee high-quality work.
Sounds
A lesson in the sound culture of speech is aimed at teaching preschool children to articulate clearly and correctly. The sound "u" is taught to pronounce smoothly and for a long time as you exhale. Teachers make sure that children pronounce it with different loudness and intonation. Classes in sound training are held in the form of a game and special exercises that help you learn how to pronounce the sound “u” correctly. Exercise - folding the lips with a pipe and pulling them forward prepares the articulation for pronunciation. In addition, teachers sing songs with children, perform choral repetitions of sounds and much more.
The sound is "h." Its development also takes place in the form of games and songs. It is studied after preschoolers learn to cope with the sound “c”. The peculiarity of his study is that, in addition to articulation, the vocal cords are included in the work. Usually, the sound “z” requires training in front of the mirror. During work, the teacher utters tongue twisters with the children, makes suggestions. The development of sound culture is closely related to phonemic hearing.
The education of sound speech in preschoolers
The sound culture of speech includes the correct diction, sound pronunciation, intonation, pace, gestures, facial expressions, tonality of speech, posture, motor skills during a child’s conversation. If you systematically engage in the education of pronunciation of sounds, it will be easier for a preschooler to learn in the future. That is why the methodology of education consists in solving the following tasks by the teacher:
- The development of the mobility of the tongue and lips during sound pronunciation.
- The formation of the ability to maintain the lower jaw in the right position.
- Paying attention to breathing during speech.
As a rule, preschoolers master sound speech effortlessly if educated in time. During this period, children borrow words and sounds by the imitative method. After all, the phonetic ear is laid at an early age. It is important not to miss the moment and direct the development of the child in the right direction.
Training in the middle group
The sound culture of speech in the middle group of preschoolers (age from 4 to 5 years) consists of speech hearing and breathing, which are the beginning of the occurrence of speech. Education in this group begins taking into account the knowledge that was obtained earlier. The primary task of the teacher is to teach children to clearly and correctly pronounce the sounds of the Russian language. The specialist pays special attention to hissing and whistling sounds, teaches to correctly pronounce phrases and complex words, and forms the skill of intonational expressiveness. In addition, a speech therapist brings up a high level of development of speech hearing in children, which will help them to independently change the tone of their voice, highlight intonation words in sentences. The sound culture of speech in the middle group is also aimed at the development of speech breathing, phonemic perception, voice and articulatory apparatus.
Senior Group Education
The sound culture of speech in the older group (age 6–7 years) continues the formation of previously acquired skills. Teachers strive to improve the development of the child's articulatory apparatus, monitor the pronunciation of sounds through various exercises, develop phonemic hearing, learn to identify sound places in a word, and correctly use intonation and pace of speech. Speech therapists also eliminate the defects of speech or the shortcomings of sound pronunciation, improve the acquired skills, study the samples of the correct literary pronunciation of words of the native language. The sound culture of speech in the older group should develop good phonemic hearing in children, teach them how to read words, sentences and small texts, understand the differences between the terms, independently make sentences and conduct sound analysis. Finishing education in the older group, children are able to distinguish between vowels and consonants, sounds, their designations. As a rule, teachers prepare preschoolers for the preparatory phase, which begins before entering school.
What is a didactic game?
Didactic games in kindergarten are educational classes that help preschoolers gain new knowledge during exciting games. They are distinguished by the presence of rules, a clear structure and a rating system. Didactic games solve a number of tasks set by the teacher. There is a whole technique that allows in this form to develop a phonetic hearing in a child. The didactic method gradually brings up the correct pronunciation of the sounds of the Russian language and the ability to listen. All games have certain tasks, which are reduced to the allocation of sounds at the beginning, middle and end of the desired word. For example, the game “Hide and Seek” is intended for children under the age of six. This is an independent game for a group controlled by a teacher. The goal of the game is to develop attention and phonetic hearing. The ball is used as an auxiliary item. The facilitator needs to make a word in which there is a certain sound, for example, “z”. Then he throws the ball in turn to the guys, saying different words in which this sound is present. The task of the children is to catch the ball with the words of the desired sound, and beat the rest of the “words”.
What problems of the development of sound speech exist?
Modern children are much more likely to suffer from the problems of formation of sound pronunciation and speech. The reason for this is computerization, lack of communication with peers and parents. Often, parents leave the child to themselves, as well as toys, TV, gadgets. Experts advise reading books with children, learning poems, reading rooms, tongue twisters. The formation of a sound culture of speech is associated with the development of fine motor skills of the fingers. In order to captivate and familiarize the child with learning, it is necessary to give the child tasks as often as possible to build a house of cubes, assemble a mosaic and a colored pyramid. You need to constantly raise sound speech in a child. In kindergarten, during games, walks in the park. Talk with the baby, pay attention to interesting details, for example, the color of leaves and plants, count birds, consider flowers. Without an integrated approach, the formation of correctly delivered speech is impossible. Both parents and teachers of preschool institutions should participate in this.