Modern parents and teachers set themselves the task of developing the child in the first place creatively. Great attention is paid to the development of such abilities. Therefore, it is often possible to meet educators who use TRIZ for preschoolers in their educational programs. The games and tasks on which this system is based contribute to the development of active thinking, and also make the process of creative formation of a person much more exciting for both a child and an adult.
What is TRIZ?
TRIZ is an abbreviation that stands for "theory of solving inventive problems." Like any other theory, it has its own structure, functions and algorithm. Many parents use TRIZ elements in their activities with children, without even knowing about it.
TRIZ for preschoolers is a program that does not pretend to replace the main one. It was created in order to increase the effectiveness of existing teaching methods.
Many games are familiar to mothers and educators, but when training and development are systematic, it is easier for a child to acquire new skills. Therefore, those who are interested in becoming a harmonious creative personality of the baby need to get acquainted with TRIZ for preschool children. This is not only useful, but also very interesting.
At the origins of the theory
The theory of solving inventive problems is one of the most unique methods for developing the creative abilities of a child. In 1956, G.S. Altshuller, a Soviet engineer, became its founder. He believes that anyone can learn to invent, and for this you do not need to have an innate talent.
Heinrich Saulovich himself invented from childhood and already at 17 years old had a copyright certificate. In addition, he was also a science fiction writer, among whose works are the famous "Icarus and Daedalus", "Ballad of the Stars", "Legends of the Star Captains" and many others.
Situation today
To date, several development centers have been created, which are based on the classical TRIZ technique for preschoolers. But gradually, in the process, they add new sections.
It is noteworthy that many methods of the theory of solving inventive problems are gradually being introduced into the system of classical preschool education in order to develop analytical thinking in children .
The essence of the technique
TRIZ for preschoolers - classes in which the child rejoices at his first creative discoveries. Here, children have no time to be bored, because during the training they use dialogs, live communication, discussions.
Teachers who adhere to TRIZ development for preschoolers, first of all, pay attention to curious things. At the same time, they offer to look at an interesting event or object from different angles. Find something good, then bad. If the object under study allows, then it is possible to conduct interesting experiments, but at the same time not explain to the child why this particular result was obtained.
All this develops a child's curiosity and interest in new discoveries. As the founder of this technique himself said: "TRIZ is a guided process of creating a new one, combining accurate calculation, logic, intuition."
The goal of TRIZ (games for preschoolers) is not just to develop imagination, but to teach the child to be creative in solving a particular problem.
The main methods and techniques of TRIZ
To organize the correct research process with children, the teacher or parent must well understand and use the various methods and techniques that are used in TRIZ.
The main ones are the following.
- Brainstorm. In the process of this lesson, children are given an inventive task. Students, in turn, try to find various ways to solve it using enumeration of resources. Every effort must be made to find the perfect solution.
- Each proposed solution is evaluated from the perspective of "what is good, what is bad." From all that is available, the optimum is selected.
- This method develops a child’s ability to analyze, has a stimulating effect on creative activity in the search for new answers, and shows that any problem can be solved.
- “Yes-no-ka” is a kind of game that allows children to learn how to highlight the main attribute of an object, classify things according to general indicators, and also be attentive to the statements of other children, and build their sentences on the basis of their answers. This TRIZ method plays an important role in the development of speech of preschool children.
- Synectics is a method of analogies. It is divided into several areas: empathy, direct analogy and fantastic. In the first case, children are given the opportunity to stay as an object of a problem situation. In direct analogy, the child is looking for similar processes in other areas. A fantastic analogy is responsible for everything that is beyond reality, and here you can offer the most incredible ways out of a difficult situation.
- Morphological analysis is necessary in order to check all the options for solving the problem that could be missed during the usual enumeration.
- The method of focal objects consists in trying to substitute the properties and characteristics of a phenomenon or object that does not suit him at all (at first glance).
- The Robinson method will teach preschoolers to look for any, even completely unnecessary, at first glance, subjects.
What goals are set in the classroom?
TRIZ technology for preschoolers still has many different teaching methods and techniques that are used in the development of children. For example, agglutination, hyperbolization, emphasis, and others. All this makes it possible to conduct training in a fun way, different from the lessons. Such methods provide a solid assimilation and systematization of information received by children.
During such classes, there is a stimulation of the child’s thinking, as well as a comprehensive development of the creative personality with the help of children's imagination and imagination.
The fact is that in modern society people are needed who can think outside the box, find and offer bold solutions who are not afraid to do something different than everyone else. TRIZ for preschoolers is dedicated to this. Classes are structured in such a way that children easily assimilate the proposed material thanks to a clearly structured research activity.
Stages of conducting classes
In each lesson, several stages of work are distinguished. Each of them has its own specific goal.
- At the first stage, the child learns to detect and distinguish discrepancies and contradictions that surround us in ordinary life. What do wood and grass have in common? What do paper and tree bark have in common?
- The second stage teaches the child to show imagination and ingenuity in solving tasks. For example, to come up with a toy that I would like to play constantly, so that it would never be boring.
- At the third stage, children are presented with fabulous tasks and given the opportunity to compose their own stories. At the same time, TRIZ techniques should be used for preschoolers.
- The fourth stage enables children to apply new knowledge for non-standard problem solving.
Two main rules of TRIZ classes
There are rules that will make the process as efficient as possible.
- At each stage of the lesson, children are offered objects, phenomena from areas that are understandable: "I and nature," "I and I," "I and another person," "I and the subject." This helps the child more easily absorb the contradictions of the world around him.
- All TRIZ classes for preschoolers are held in a playful way. Moreover, each game, each task should be accompanied by visual material.
The interaction between the teacher and the child
During TRIZ (games for preschoolers), communication between children and adults should be based on certain principles:
- When children answer, they must be listened carefully, admired by the new idea.
- The lack of negative ratings and criticism of the child.
- Habitual appraisal words are replaced and diluted with synonyms, for example, to use not the word “correctly”, but the words “wonderful”, “great”, “interesting solution”, “unusual approach”.
- To support the child when he wants to object to the adult, not to stop these attempts, on the contrary, to learn to prove, object, argue, defend his point of view.
- Do not be afraid of mistakes, but use them in order to look at the solution to the problem from the other side.
- The communication of children and the teacher should be accompanied only by positive impressions: the joy of a new discovery, creativity, awareness of their own significance.
- Motivation of the child to actively participate in games and activities.
What games are in TRIZ
Naturally, in the classroom, the teacher actively uses TRIZ games for preschoolers. The file cabinet of this technique is very diverse. Consider some examples of typical games for the theory of solving inventive problems.
- "Yes no." The adult comes up with the word. The child is required to ask leading questions. At the same time, one who concocts a word can answer only the monosyllable "yes" or "no" until the correct answer is received.
- "Black and white." An adult shows children a card with an image of an object of white color. Children should name all the positive qualities of this facility. Then a card with the same subject is shown, only black. This time it is necessary to name all the negative traits.
- "Changeling". You need a ball to play. The adult throws the ball to the baby and says the word, and the child comes up with a word that is opposite in meaning and throws the ball back.
- "Masha, confused." For the game you will need cards with the image of various objects. Masha is selected. She pulls out a card and says: "Oh!" One of the players asks her a question: "What is the matter with you?" She looks at the image on the card and replies: "I lost what is shown (for example, scissors). How am I going to do the application now?" The rest should offer different options for overcoming this situation. "Masha-confused" selects the best answer and gives a coin. At the end of the game, the number of coins is calculated and the winner is determined.