Inflammation of the walls of the bladder is a very serious and dangerous disease, especially in childhood. Pathology is painful and can quickly turn into a chronic form. Cystitis in children at 2 years of age is accompanied by frequent urges to potty, urinary incontinence and even intoxication. Due to the anatomical age characteristics, the infection quickly spreads to organs adjacent to the bladder. At the first symptoms, it is necessary to take the child to the doctor.
What is the danger of cystitis in children in 2 years?
Inflammatory processes of any etiology require an immediate response. Cystitis in children 2 years of age and older is the most common pathology in pediatrics and urology. By this term is meant an infectious disease in which the walls of the bladder are affected. Pathology is characterized by frequent painful urination in small portions.
Urinary infection is common among children of different ages. It can affect both boys and girls. But according to statistics, in girls, inflammation occurs 5 times more often. This is due to the peculiarities of the anatomy of the female urinary system. In girls, the urethra is wider and shorter than in boys, so the causative agent of the disease is easier to get into the bladder. Late access to a doctor may negatively affect reproductive function in the future. In addition, not quite adequate therapy or neglect of it leads to the fact that the pathology recurs, but already in more severe forms that are difficult to treat.
Cystitis in children can be isolated or with damage to nearby organs.
How is cystitis classified?
Urinary infections are systematized according to the following criteria:
- The course of the disease. Acute cystitis is accompanied by inflammation of the walls of the urea. May be limited to hyperemia of the walls or affect the blood vessels of the bladder. Chronic cystitis in a child at 2-5 years old occurs infrequently, such a course is characteristic of a later age. It is characterized by changes in the muscle layer, accompanied by the formation of blisters, purulent exudate, polyps.
- In shape. Primary cystitis appears without changing the structure and functionality of the organ of the excretory system. Secondary ones arise due to incomplete emptying due to structural features or functionality.
- The prevalence of cystitis in children is classified into focal and total. Depending on the localization of inflammation, cervical cystitis and trigonitis are secreted.
Cystitis in children can be uncomplicated or accompanied by complications (peritonitis, urethritis).
Causes of Cystitis
Cystitis develops as a result of infection in the bladder and a violation of its structure and functionality.
Normally, the organ of the excretory system cleans itself with every emptying. Periurethral glands produce mucus, which protects the mucous membrane of the urea from infections. The integrity of the epithelium, the normal functionality of the detrusor, the absence of structural changes provide complete protection against pathogenic microorganisms. But if at least one of these links is weakened, cystitis is formed in children.
Factors affecting the occurrence of inflammation of the walls of the bladder:
- Incomplete emptying of the urinary system due to disturbances in innervation.
- A disease in which the urine is refluxed from the bladder into the ureter.
- Disorders of urination due to narrowing of the lumen of the urethra.
- A change in the kidneys that forms against the background of metabolic disorders.
- Ingestion of a foreign body into the bladder.
- Violation of the intestinal microflora.
- Helminthiasis.
- Infections affecting the digestive tract.
- Vulvites. The disease is characteristic only for girls.
- Infectious and inflammatory process affecting the pharyngeal ring.
- Abscessive pneumonia.
- Purulent-inflammatory skin diseases.
An important role in the formation of the disease is played by endocrine dysfunctions, a deficiency of vitamins in the baby's body, a violation of the acid-base balance of urine, hypothermia, and non-compliance with hygiene rules.
How to recognize cystitis in a child at 2 years old?
The main feature of the disease is that it develops rapidly and is rapidly proceeding. Clinical manifestations are observed in a child from the first days of the development of the inflammatory process. This makes it possible to start treatment in the early stages and reduces the risk of a pathology becoming chronic.
The main symptoms of cystitis in a child at 2 years of age:
- Rapid urination. Cystitis in children occurs with a sudden urge to deurinate, which occurs every 15-20 minutes. This is due to excessive excitability of the bladder and irritation of the processes of nerve fibers.
- Pain Children complain of pain in the lower abdomen, which is given to the perineum. Painful sensations intensify with a slight filling of the urea. The child does not allow touching the abdomen, because touching gives him physical suffering.
- Difficult urination. The child writes a little, while the process is accompanied by pain and burning.
- Change the color of urine. Urine becomes cloudy dark, often there is a precipitate in the form of flakes or a drop of blood.
- Deterioration of well-being. Due to constant pain, the child is naughty, often crying. Loses interest in favorite products, toys, becomes irritable.
- Temperature rise. Due to intoxication in some children, cystitis is accompanied by high fever.
Diagnostics
Before treating cystitis in a child at 2 years old, it is necessary to identify the cause of the disease. Diagnostics are based on laboratory tests, the direction to which the doctor issues immediately after a physical examination.
- A comprehensive study that determines the physico-chemical characteristics, properties of urine (general urine analysis).
- Bacteriological study of urine.
- urine pH
- Two-portion urine test.
- Ultrasound scan of the bladder.
X-ray and examination with endoscopic equipment is indicated in chronic form. Diagnostics is carried out by a pediatrician together with a pediatric urologist.
Treatment methods
To eliminate the disease requires an integrated approach. Therapy is determined by the doctor based on the results of the examination. If you prescribe treatment quickly, cystitis in children in 2 years will pass without complications.
To reduce the urge and pain, the child is shown bed rest, complete rest. The bladder area is warmed with a scarf or blanket. You can try the "sitting" bath with a decoction of chamomile, calendula. If the child does not want to sit in the basin, decoctions are poured into the shared bath.
At the time of therapy, it is advised to adhere to a milk-vegetable diet, consume fruit drinks, fruit drinks, slightly alkaline mineral water (Essentuki No. 4).
The use of medicines
Treatment of cystitis in a child at 2 years of age includes taking medications. The disease, as a rule, has a bacterial etiology. The main task facing the pediatrician is the destruction of the pathogenic microflora that caused inflammation.
To combat pathogenic microorganisms in the treatment of cystitis in children, the so-called protected penicillins are prescribed: Amoxicillin, Ticarcillin. The use of cephalosporins is also effective: “Cefuroxime”, “Zinnat”, “Axosef”, “Ceftibuten”. Phosphonic acid derivatives are prescribed: Urofosfabol, Ovea, Fosfomycin. In some cases, combined sulfonamides are used: Bactrim, Sumerolim.
Antibacterial drugs are generally prescribed in the form of a suspension or tablets. Choosing an antibiotic, the doctor focuses not only on the resistance of the causative agent of cystitis, but also on the age of the child, his weight, the presence of other pathologies. The risk of side effects is assessed. The average duration of antibiotic treatment is 7 days.
Antibacterial agents disrupt the intestinal microflora. In order to avoid dysbiosis, babies take probiotics: Linex from the first days of antibiotic therapy. Acipol.
Along with antibiotics, uroantiseptics of plant origin are prescribed: Kanefron, Fitolizin.
To reduce pain, the baby is prescribed antispasmodics: Drotaverin, Spazmol, Nosh-Pa.
Vitamin therapy
In addition to medicines, vitamin complexes are used in the treatment of cystitis in a 2-year-old child. Balanced micro and macro elements help improve the immune system. With frequent urination, calcium is leached from the body. Vitamins with a high content of Ca restore the deficiency. Potassium restores the water-salt balance.
Vitamins are good catalysts, they accelerate metabolic processes, contributing to a speedy recovery. B vitamins inhibit stress hormones, the child tolerates the disease easier. In addition to fresh fruit, children take "Undevit", "Alphabet", "Revit."
Other therapies
Urinary infection has characteristic symptoms, one of which is pain. The first thing parents think about is what to give a child with cystitis for 2 years to relieve pain and not harm it. Some use various folk methods. Doctors welcome such an approach only if it is agreed with them.
Of the alternative methods, the pediatrician may prescribe herbal medicine along with the main treatment. It is necessary to apply various infusions and teas carefully, make sure that the child does not have allergies.
Disease complications
Cystitis in children 2 years old can sometimes be complicated. As a rule, these are chronic forms. During an exacerbation, symptoms intensify, discomfort in the suprapubic part is more pronounced and is permanent. Complications of cystitis:
- Bladder-ureter reflux. The disease is characterized by the reverse reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureter. It occurs with a deviation from the norm in the structure of the excretory system.
- Pyelonephritis is a kidney disease of an infectious nature. It can affect one or two kidneys at once.
- Urethritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the walls of the urethra.
- Paracystitis is an inflammation of the fatty tissue that surrounds the urea.
- Peritonitis is a focal or extensive inflammation of the peritoneum.
- Sclerosis of the neck of the urea is an ulceration of the urethro-vesical junction.
Complications can be avoided with timely and adequate therapy.
Monitoring and prevention of cystitis
At the first signs of cystitis in children 2 years old, you should immediately contact a pediatrician or pediatric urologist. Acute forms respond well to therapy and end in recovery. Chronic ones require a more in-depth approach and long-term treatment.
The basis for the prevention of cystitis is proper hygiene. From an early age, a child must be taught to monitor the purity of the genitals of both boys and girls. It is also important to observe the regime of urination; children should have free access to the pot or toilet bowl.
Inflammatory processes need to be treated in full, and the doctor should carry out the therapy. Self-medication often suppresses the disease, but does not eliminate it.
It is necessary to ensure that the child consumes enough fluid, does not supercool. It is necessary to periodically undergo a scheduled examination of a doctor.